August 2008 Archives

Lesson #5 - Russia's Absolute Rulers

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Although I'd like to think I did a pretty good job of staying away from doing a lot of unnecessary lecturing in the World History 9 course last year, you need me to cut a little bit of slack today.  Russian history is one of my favorite areas, and I've got a lot of pretty good stories to share with you.  After our quiz, we'll look at the two classic examples of the Russian czar, or absolute ruler: Ivan the Terrible and Peter the Great.


Ivan the Terrible-  A fascinating figure, Ivan the Terrible was the first Russian ruler to formally use the term, "czar."  Download a copy of these From Ivan to Peter notes, and we'll walk through his life, as well as the period of chaos that followed it. 

The Time of Troubles - While it is certainly not the most important period in Russian history, I think the years after the death of Ivan the Terrible are bizarre enough to deserve our attention for a couple minutes. For many of you, it will be a chance to show us your dramatic skills...

Impact of Peter the Great
- This list is by no means complete, but it shows the time line of some major events from the time of Peter the Great.

1695-96 capture of Azov
1695 beginning of Russian navy
1696 death of Ivan V; Peter assumes full power
1697-98 Peter's "Grand Embassy" to the West
1698 Streltsy revolt crushed
1700 suspension of patriarchate, new calendar
1700-21 Great Northern War with Sweden
1709 victory in Battle of Poltava
1713 capital moved to St. Petersburg
1718 Tsarevich Alexis killed
1721 treaty with Sweden- new lands acquired
1722 Table of Ranks established, succession law
1725 death of Peter the Great

How did Peter alter the future of Russia?

* Westernization campaign- "Window to the West"
* modernization of military
* bringing of industry and technology to Russia
* introduction of Russia navy
* ends mestnichestvo- system of precedence
* secularization of Russian state and culture
* spiritual regulation- seizure of lands, suspends the Patriachate
* "Truth of the Monarch's Will"- attempts to end question of succession
* establishment of St. Petersburg


HOMEWORK for next session - Tuesday, September 2nd

Please read the final section in Chapter 21, "Parliament Limits the English Monarchy." (pp. 614 - 617)

We'll begin our "Absolute Monarchs on Trial" activity on Tuesday with the testimony from the prosecution witness.  Here's a reminder about the specifics for the assignment.

THE CHARGES:  The Absolute Monarchs of Europe are charged with: ignoring the needs and well-being of the people, bankrupting the state, pursuing selfish foreign policies and harming the futures of their states.

FORMAT:  All witnesses should be prepared to give a "speech" in class.  This should be between 2 and 3 minutes. It need not be memorized. If you are a real person, you should explain why "you" support a particular monarch and/or the idea of absolutism. If you represent a "type" of person, you should create a story consistent with your assigned side and background. Prosecution witnesses may focus on one or more of the charges against a particular monarch. 

The six monarchs will have two roles. First, they can question the witnesses for the two sides. In addition, they will have a chance to address the jury before deliberation begins.  (All the witnesses become the "jury" at this stage.) In this address, each monarch has between 3 and 4 minutes to summarize his or her accomplishments as a monarch and/or explain why they should not be convicted of the charges. Our jury will then deliberate on the fate of each monarch, and they also can ask questions of the monarchs at this point. (Note that there may well be different verdicts in the different cases.)

EVALUATION:  You will receive credit for both your "speech" and your participation/conduct during the rest of the trial.

Here are the roles we'll have:

DEFENDANTS:
Philip II of Spain (King)
Louis XIV of France (King)
Maria Theresa of Austria (Empress)
Frederick the Great of Prussia (King)
Peter the Great of Russia (Czar)
Charles I of England (King)

DEFENSE WITNESSES:
Cardinal Richelieu
Jean Baptiste Colbert
Thomas Hobbes
Niccolo Machiavelli

PROSECUTION WITNESSES:
Dutch merchant
Spanish sailor from the Armada
French peasant
French soldier from War of Spanish Succession
French nobleman
Patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church
Russian serf
Russian laborer building St. Petersburg
Oliver Cromwell
Member of English Parliament
Scotish Presbyterian soldier
Austrian Protestant merchant
Prussian soldier
There's an old saying that there is "nothing certain but death and taxes." You can add daily reading quizzes to that list... We're going true-false today.

Today, we're going to pick out the topic of religious conflict and focus on that. The period we are studying is sometimes also known as the "Age of Religious Wars" in Europe.  We will finish up with a look at the impact of the Thirty Years' War, an event that gave rise to the modern states that we know see in Europe and elsewhere. Note that, in some cases, we'll actually be moving back in time a bit from the events of Louis XIV and some others.


Why were they fighting? Religious conflict is nothing new to us in our study of world history. However, both classes have asked versions of the "What was so different between Catholics and Protestants?" This first activity is designed to give you a chance to answer that question for yourself. You might recall from last year that the Catholic Church leadership met at the Council of Trent during what is called the Catholic Reformation or Counter-Reformation. (The Council met from 1545 to 1563.) It issued a clarification of the Church's position on many issues. You'll receive two handouts. The first states the "Protestant" interpretation of an issue. You and a partner can use the handout summarizing the Council of Trent's declarations to try to figure out the Catholic Church's position on each of these issues. We'll talk about what you find.


Where were they fighting?  You've read bits and pieces about the religious conflicts in Spain and France.  Those, along with the Thirty Years' War, were major aspects of this "age of religious wars."  We'll do a jigsaw activity with these three sets of conflicts. You'll get one of these three handouts:

  • France's Religious Wars
  • Religious Wars in Spain
  • Major Results of the Thirty Years' War, 1618-1648
In each case, meet with others sharing that reading. Your job is to boil it down to between five and ten brief points that you can share with the other groups. Following that, we'll have you meet in groups of three, with one representative from each group. You'll teach each other the basic points from your reading. I'd recommend jotting down some brief notes (or emailing each other) so that you've got something to review later in the unit.


The Thirty Years' War in Thirty Seconds: To me, the Thirty Years' War is a very complex and confusing series of events. You can get lost in the details and miss the point. Let's see how you do in seeing the "big picture." You can work with up to 3 others. I want you to prepare to tell the story of the Thirty Years' War to us in thirty seconds or less. (Not by talking fast...) Instead, think of this along the lines of the identifications we did last year and focus on what is important and historically significant. If you want a good source besides your text, The Thirty Years' War has a wealth of information on its site. We'll have you tell your story to the class.

If you want another challenge, do the Thirty Years' War in thirty words or fewer. If you do that, post it as a comment to this blog entry.


HOMEWORK for tomorrow - Friday, August 29th

Please read Chapter 21, Section 4, "Absolute Rulers of Russia."  (pp. 608 - 611)  

The "Absolute Monarchs of Europe" matrix should be ready for discussing tomorrow. (If you don't have the Peter the Great information down, that's understandable, but the rest should be completed.)

Your role in the trial should be ready for Tuesday/Wednesday of next week. Remember that the prosecution witnesses will testify on Tuesday, while the defense witnesses and the defendants themselves testify on Wednesday.

Lesson #3 - The Age of European Absolutism and the "Sun King"

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We'll take the reading quiz right away again.  In case you were wondering, the class averages were 8.7 and 8.8 out of 10 on yesterday's multiple choice quiz.  (They'll always be scored out of 5 points possible in PowerSchool.)


Today we'll take a few minutes and clarify what you should expect for the "Absolute Monarchs on Trial" activity we'll hold early next week. 

THE CHARGES:  The Absolute Monarchs of Europe are charged with: ignoring the needs and well-being of the people, bankrupting the state, pursuing selfish foreign policies and harming the futures of their states.

FORMAT:  All witnesses should be prepared to give a "speech" in class.  This should be between 2 and 3 minutes. It need not be memorized. If you are a real person, you should explain why "you" support a particular monarch and/or the idea of absolutism. If you represent a "type" of person, you should create a story consistent with your assigned side and background. Prosecution witnesses may focus on one or more of the charges against a particular monarch. 

The six monarchs will have two roles. First, they can question the witnesses for the two sides. In addition, they will have a chance to address the jury before deliberation begins.  (All the witnesses become the "jury" at this stage.) In this address, each monarch has between 3 and 4 minutes to summarize his or her accomplishments as a monarch and/or explain why they should not be convicted of the charges. Our jury will then deliberate on the fate of each monarch, and they also can ask questions of the monarchs at this point. (Note that there may well be different verdicts in the different cases.)

EVALUATION:  You will receive credit for both your "speech" and your participation/conduct during the rest of the trial.

We'll conduct our trial on Tuesday and Wednesday of next week. (Expect the prosecution witnesses to present on Tuesday, while the defense witnesses and the defendants will present on Wednesday. That will be followed by our deliberations.)


Louis XIV of France - The "Sun King" Probably the classic example of the absolute monarch is Louis XIV of France. As you read, he sought total control of France and all aspects of life there. By the peak of his reign, France had become the most powerful country in Europe. We'll briefly focus on some of the key points from the reading, and then we'll take a closer look at the court life at Versailles and what that reveals about Louis XIV and absolutism.

Chateau de Versailles is the official website for the palace and gardens made famous by Louis XIV.  There's a lot of neat stuff here, and I've highlighted some things for you below.


Think about and discuss:  To what degree do modern states and leaders get caught up in ceremony and symbolism?  How useful to you think such efforts are?


The Age of European Absolutism: You've worked with these types of charts last year, so this should be pretty straight-forward. Download a copy of the Age of European Absolutism matrix. (You can either print it out or type on your computer.) You can work in a group of 2-3 if you'd prefer. Think of these as notes on these four major figures. We'll discuss what you find on Friday in class, so these should be completed by then. We'll be looking for major comparisons and contrasts among the absolute monarchs.


HOMEWORK for tomorrow - Thursday, August 28th:

Read Chapter 21, Section 3, "Central European Monarchs Clash." (pp. 603-607) Yes, there will be a quiz tomorrow, either true-false or matching.

The "Age of European Absolutism" matrix should be completed and ready for discussion at the beginning of Friday's class.

You might think about and start preparing for your role in our "Absolute Monarchs on Trial" activity that will begin on Tuesday.  (Remember that we are off on Monday for Labor Day.)



Lesson #2 - European Absolutism and the Spanish Empire

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Your first reading quiz will lead us off today. After everyone is done, we can talk a bit about the key issues in Chapter 21, Section #1.

We'll get started on the "real" history today by beginning our look at Unit #5, "Absolutism to Revolution." As you may guess from the title, this unit focuses heavily on the relationship between people and government. It largely focuses on Europe, and it will trace the transition from the absolute monarchs through the emergence of democracy and revolutions. 


Current History's Global Progress Report 2008:  Before we jump into the history itself, let's take a look at the article you downloaded yesterday. The Global Progress Report 2008 breaks its analysis into five sections:  politics, security, economics, development and resources. You can again download a copy of the Global Progress Report if you need one. You are your group were asked to do the following:

  • Read the "grade report" and the section of the article on your topic.
  • Try to understand any events and/or analysis confusing to group members.
  • Think about any events since the start of the year that might be relevant to your topic.
  • Discuss whether you think the grade given by Current History is accurate.  Why or why not?
Let's talk about what you found and any questions you may have.


European Absolutism - We'll spend the next few days looking at the rise and impact of the "absolute monarchs" of Europe. This will culminate when we put a half dozen of them "on trial." That simulation will get explained after we cover some of the basics.

First, two simple questions for you.  (There's a bit of sarcasm implied there, since I don't think the answers are necessarily that simple...)

  • What is the best government?  (The logical follow-up:  Why?)
  • What are the qualities of the ideal ruler?

Second, I've got a DBQ activity for you called "Absolutism and Democracy." It draws on the work of a number of influential thinkers, and it also previews some of what we will cover next week in our look at the Enlightenment. You can pair up if you'd like and work on this for about 15 minutes.  (This activity also helps preview one of the choices for your first essay.)


Third, let's look a little bit more closely at the theory of absolutism.  We'll try and answer several questions here.

  • What is absolutism?
  • What earlier examples do we have of absolute rulers?
  • What factors led to the rise of European absolutism?
  • What were the signs or effects of absolutism?

Finally, we'll introduce the "Absolute Monarchs on Trial" activity we'll hold later in the chapter. You'll be selecting your role. Some will be specific historical figures, and others will represent various interests and/or classes. You'll have some freedom to invent a history that is consistent with the reality of the time.

Here are the roles we'll have:

DEFENDANTS:
Philip II of Spain (King)
Louis XIV of France (King)
Maria Theresa of Austria (Empress)
Frederick the Great of Prussia (King)
Peter the Great of Russia (Czar)
Charles I of England (King)

DEFENSE WITNESSES:
Cardinal Richelieu
Jean Baptiste Colbert
Thomas Hobbes
Niccolo Machiavelli

PROSECUTION WITNESSES:
Dutch merchant
Spanish sailor from the Armada
French peasant
French soldier from War of Spanish Succession
French nobleman
Patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church
Russian serf
Russian laborer building St. Petersburg
Oliver Cromwell
Member of English Parliament
Scotish Presbyterian soldier
Austrian Protestant merchant

Prussian soldier

THE CHARGES:  The Absolute Monarchs of Europe are charged with: ignoring the needs and well-being of the people, bankrupting the state, pursuing selfish foreign policies and harming the futures of their states.

FORMAT:  All witnesses should be prepared to give a "speech" in class.  This should be between 2 and 3 minutes. It need not be memorized. If you are a real person, you should explain why "you" support a particular monarch and/or the idea of absolutism. If you represent a "type" or person, you should create a story consistent with your assigned side and background. Prosecution witnesses may focus on one or more of the charges against a particular monarch. 

The six monarchs will have two roles. First, they can question the witnesses for the two sides. In addition, they will have a chance to address the jury before deliberation begins.  (All the witnesses become the "jury" at this stage.) In this address, each monarch has between 2 and 4 minutes to summarize his or her accomplishments as a monarch and/or explain why they should not be convicted of the charges. Our jury will then deliberate on the fate of each monarch, and they also can ask questions of the monarchs at this point. (Note that there may well be different verdicts in the different cases.)

EVALUATION:  You will receive credit for both your "speech" and your participation/conduct during the rest of the trial.


HOMEWORK for tomorrow - Wednesday, August 26th

Please read Section 2 from Chapter 21, "The Reign of Louis XIV." (pp. 596 - 602)  

Begin to think about and/or prepare for your role in our "Absolute Monarchs on Trial" simulation.


Lesson #1 - Course Introduction

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Welcome back.  (Welcome to Anika...)  As I said at Upper School Back-to-School Night, the final decision as to who would be teaching which grade was made just a bit more than a week ago.  While it would have been nice to try to make some improvements to what I did last year in World History 9, I am looking forward to working with you all again and tackling a new course. Basically, we'll pick up where we left off with Unit #5, and our goal will be to get up to very recent/current events around the world.

What will be the same as last year?  Last year should have given you a good feeling for what to expect this year. I recognize that you are a year older (more mature???) and you no doubt have some more developed skills in many areas than you had at the start of 9th grade.  We'll try and challenge those new abilities. We'll use the same book, and we'll tackle the final four units, two each quarter. Obviously, we'll continue to make extensive use of the computer, and I'm pondering some new challenges in that area. We'll see.

What will be different this year?  First, you'll notice that each of the three sections or World History 10 is a little bigger than last year's classes. No 12 in a class this year, as I have one with twice that number. Our discussions may benefit from additional voices, although it means some won't get heard quite as often. Second, now that you've had a year with your laptops, I'm expecting that you've got all those annoying 9th grade computer behaviors under control... Finally, I am going to make a more concerted effort to focus on the readings you are asked to do. One way we'll do that is through almost daily reading quizzes. More on that below.


Daily reading quizzes:  I haven't worked out all the details yet, but you can expect a short and, hopefully, straight-forward quiz at the start of class each day a reading assignment is due. I haven't decided exactly how to weigh them yet, but I'm thinking of they will vary in terms of the types of questions they ask. I won't promise to rotate them precisely, but expect the following four types of quizzes.

Multiple choice (5 or 10 questions)
True-False (10 questions)
Fill-in-the-Blank (10 questions) 
Matching (10 items)

In all cases, these quizzes will focus on the "big picture" ideas, examples and specifics. They should be easier than the multiple choice questions on the unit exams. I'll always have a key ready, and you can immediately see what your score will be.

Why am I doing this? There are a couple reasons. First, I felt there was a wide range in the way people were approaching their homework. I was pleased to see many people having highlighted and/or taken notes in their readings. I suspect there were others who did the reading only infrequently. Hopefully, taking the quizzes will reward those who are ready for class and provide an incentive for those who need one.

I've also got a sort of "back-up" plan in mind. I will increase any score to 50% for the purpose of recording IF you show me that you actively read the lesson for whatever quiz didn't go well for you. For example, showing me that you highlighted the section or took decent notes would qualify as preparation. (I realize that you might not all read in any of these types of ways, but it's an objective standard I can use, and it's also designed to provide you with an incentive to try one or more of these strategies.)

We'll start with a quiz tomorrow on Chapter 21, Section #1 (Spain's Empire and European Absolutism) on pp. 589 - 595.


Introductory / Review Activities: Since we don't need to spend the hour getting to know each other, we can get started. We'll begin with Unit #5 tomorrow, but we'll do a couple of other things today. I propose the following:

1. Current Events - We can briefly discuss some major events from the summer, but I'd also like us to brainstorm a list of ten stories we should be watching closely over the course of our time together.

2. Twenty-Five Events - We'll have you work in groups of four on this one. We'll make it a competition to spice things up. I'll give you slips containing 25 events from World History 9.  Your job is to put them in the correct order. Once you think you are ready, let me know. If you're right, I'll give you a sheet with all 25 events listed in order to aid in your review. If you're wrong, keep working.

3. Password and/or Charades - We'll give you each a chance to shine with this activity. When it is your turn, you'll draw a slip which features a person, place or thing from last year. Your job is to communicate it to the class in one of two ways - Password or Charades.

If you choose Password, here are the rules. You give single word clues, one at a time. Call on someone who raises their hand to answer. If they are wrong, you give another clue. You can give up to five clues before you're done.

If you choose Charades, here are the rules. You cannot talk, and you cannot write out your clue. You have 30 seconds to convey your clue's meaning to the class.

4. Current History's Global Progress Report 2008 - Current History is a magazine that the MPA Library subscribes to on-line. Each January, they publish a Global Progress Report. Download a copy of that. We'll break into five groups to take a quick look at this. You'll each focus on one section:  politics, security, economics, development and resources. In your group, do the following:

  • Read the "grade report" and the section of the article on your topic.
  • Try to understand any events and/or analysis confusing to group members.
  • Think about any events since the start of the year that might be relevant to your topic.
  • Discuss whether you think the grade given by Current History is accurate.  Why or why not?
  • Formulate at least one question you'd like answered regarding your section.  
If you have time, please skim the remaining sections of the article. We'll talk about them briefly.


HOMEWORK for tomorrow - Tuesday, August 25th:

Please read Chapter 21, Section 1 (Spain's Empire and European Absolutism) on pp. 589 - 595. You will have a reading quiz at the start of the hour.

Please read "your" section in the Global Progress Report you downloaded above.

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