Since you've all got several things coming up, we'll make sure we
stop whatever it is we are doing with at least a half-hour left in the
block. Here's a reminder of what is coming up:
- Thursday - "Romanticism and Realism Arts Festival"
- Friday - Unit #5 "Two-Minute" Reviews, Current Events due
- Monday - Unit #5 Objective Exam
- Tuesday - Identification and Essay Exam
Following
the quiz, we'll touch base on any questions you have regarding the test
format. Then we'll return to nationalism for a bit, picking up a couple
of specific examples.
The Rise of Nationalism
As we start, we'll have you spend about ten minutes with a DBQ packet that provides a nice overview.
At
the risk of incorrectly summarizing your thoughts, our class
"definitions" from yesterday seemed pretty much along these lines.
The "critical attributes" of nationalism include:
- loyalty to a nation is above other loyalties or individual interests
- believing a certain group has a shared or collective identity
- valuing a collective identity based on history, culture, language, race, and/or ethnicity
- political claims (land, independence, sovereignty, etc.) are made on behalf of a defined nation
Now
that we have this general consensus, let's look at the various types of
nationalist movements. (We'll come back to this topic in future
units...) I'm combining what our textbook has in the chart on page 692
with an excerpt from Michael Hechter at The Nationalism Project. Here's one version of a "typology" of nationalisms:
- unification - merging politically divided but culturally similar lands
- separation (or peripheral) - culturally distinct group resists being added to a state or tries to break away
- state-building - culturally distinct groups form into a new state by accepting a single culture
- irredentist - attempt to extend the boundaries of a state by incorporating territory of an adjacent state occupied principally by "co-nationals"
Let's
see how we do with these different types. Try to classify each of these
historical or current nationalist movements by type.
- 19th century Italy and Germany
- the early United States of America
- 19th-20th century breakups of the Austrian and Russian empires
- current Iraq - Kurds, Sunni, Shiites
- modern Tibet
- advocates for "One" Korea
- Russia's troop movements into Georgia this past summer
- French-speaking citizens of Quebec
Some questions for you:
- On balance, is nationalism a positive or negative force? Why?
- Should patriotism be considered a type of nationalism?
- Where in the modern world are we seeing the strongest forces of nationalism?
- Does nationalism exacerbate problems of racism in the world? Why or why not?
Finally, we need to at least mention the most important aspects of the two classic stories of unification nationalism in 19th-century Europe: Italy and Germany.
Italy
- Sardinia's King Victor Emmanuel II and his Prime Minister Camillo di
Cavour drove the Austrians out of most of northern Italy with the help
of the French. Giuseppe Garibaldi worked to unite the south before
joining forces with the Sardinian King. Rome became the capital of a
united Italy by 1870. (The pope kept control of what is know Vatican
City.)
Garibaldi is presenting "boot" of Italy to the king of Sardinia. (1860 British cartoon)
Germany -
Here, the Prussian state led the process. Otto von Bismarck became
prime minister in 1862. His "realpolitik" approach gave him near
dictatorial powers, and he pledged to rule by "blood and iron." Wars
with Austria and France rallied support of the German peoples, and the
Second Reich was established in 1871 with Kaiser Wilhelm I in control.
Otto
von Bismarck juggling images of war and peace on a see-saw labeled
"European Politics" with powder keg and artillery piece visible. (1887
cartoon from US)
Want a challenge? Draw
your own cartoon related to a historical or current example of
nationalism. (Sounds like a good idea for some type of future
assignment... This would be good practice for you.)
HOMEWORK for tomorrow - Thursday, November 20th
Please
finish your reading in Chapter 24 (and Unit #5!) with Section 4,
"Revolutions in the Arts." (pp. 698 - 701) The quiz is
fill-in-the-blank.
Your contribution to the
"Romanticism and Realism Arts Festival" needs to be ready to present
tomorrow. I'll have the computer projector available, but you need to
let me know if you need anything else.
Remember
that your Current Events are due on Friday, November 21st. You can
either email them as an attachment or print them out. You can download
a template on Lesson #15. There's more information on that lesson, and
you can find an explanation of the world history themes on this page.
Your part of the Unit #5 Two-Minute Review should be ready to go for Friday.
We'll
have the Unit #5 Exam on Monday and Tuesday. Monday will be the Objective Exam. On Tuesday, we'll have the
Identifications and Essay.
That will consist of multiple choice questions and some document-based
questions. You can find the essay questions and possible identifications here.
