- member of the First Estate
- member of the Second Estate
- member of the Third Estate
- Jean-Jacques Rousseau
- King Louis XVI
- Marie Antoinette
- Parisian woman rioting over bread prices
- radical member of Legislative Assembly
- moderate member of Legislative Assembly
- conservative member of Legislative Assembly
- Jean-Paul Marat
- Charlotte Corday
- Jacobin
- Georges Danton
- Maximilien Robespierre
- Napoleon Bonaparte
The Political Spectrum - From Left to Right and In-Between Remember that the terms "left" and "right" to describe political views dates back to factions that sat together in the Legislative Assembly hall. Then, the "radicals" sat on the left, a term used today for those who typically are more in favor of change, the liberals. On the right were the "conservatives," the term we still use today for those more likely to want fewer changes. In the center were the moderates.
Let's
take a minute to see where you fall. First, I'll show you a political
spectrum and invite you to guess where you will end up. Then, you can
take a quiz and see where your answers place you. There are many
versions on-line, but we'll take the "World's Smallest Political Quiz."
(Note that the survey is hosted on a libertarian political site. The
survey itself, however, is developed to be non-partisan and has been
taken more than 11 million times. If you want to read a lot more about
the methodology of the survey, go to their Frequently Asked Questions.) We'll walk through the questions together to make sure everyone understands them.
Napoleon: PBS Video - I've mentioned it before, but PBS really does an excellent job with their websites that accompany shows they produce. Here are some of the features from their series on Napoleon that you should check out.
Napoleon's Russia Campaign: As you read, Napoleon's invasion of Russia was perhaps his greatest military error. It took a tremendous toll, both actual and psychological, on his Grand Army. Fewer than 1 in 40 soldiers returned to France. The Russians, of course, also suffered great damage, both from the French forces and their own strategy of scorching the earth.
We're going to take a look at the invasion by considering a single "information graphic," or chart, produced by Charles Minard in 1869. Edward Tufte of Yale University, perhaps the world's expert in information design, considers it "the best statistical graphic ever drawn."
Image of Napoleon's Russia Campaign: Yes, this is in French. However, you should still be able to figure some things out from looking at this version.
Here's Tufte's description of what is happening.
"Beginning at the left on the Polish-Russian border near the Niemen River, the thick band shows the size of the army (422,000 men) as it invaded Russia in June 1812. The width of the band indicates the size of the army at each place on the map. In September, the army reached Moscow, which was by then sacked and deserted, with 100,000 men. The path of Napoleon's retreat from Moscow is depicted by the darker, lower band, which is linked to a temperature scale and dates at the bottom of the chart. It was a bitterly cold winter, and many froze on the march out of Russia. As the graphic shows, the crossing of the Berezina River was a disaster, and the army finally struggled back into Poland with only 10,000 men remaining. Also shown are the movements of auxiliary troops, as they sought to protect the rear and the flank of the advancing army. Minard's graphic tells a rich, coherent story with its multivariate data, far more enlightening than just a single number bouncing along over time. Six variables are plotted: the size of the army, its location on a two-dimensional surface, direction of the army's movement, and temperature on various dates during the retreat from Moscow" (p. 40).
Here are some "revisions" done to the graphic to try and show additional information or to clarify the information already there.
- An English version with temperature clarified
- Clarification of place names
- Animated GIF image - repeats 10 times
- Animated GIF placed over a map of Russia
Napoleon in Acrostic: An acrostic is a poem or other writing where the first letters of each line (or paragraph, etc. in some cases) spell out another message. For example:
Raising two young sons
Your job: As you've probably guessed, you'll do one for Napoleon Bonaparte. Here's the wrinkle. "Napoleon" should all be about his background and/or rise to power. "Bonaparte" should all be about his decline and fall from power and/or his historical impact. You should post your acrostic as a comment on this entry.
HOMEWORK for next session - Monday, September 21st
Please begin your reading in Chapter 24, "Nationalist Revolutions Sweep the West," with Section 1, "Latin American Peoples Win Independence." (pp. 681 - 686)
Your Napoleon Bonaparte acrostic should be posted before class time on Tuesday. Post as a comment to this entry.
We're still looking at the Unit #5 Exam on Monday, September 28th and Tuesday, September 29th. I'll have more information about the format by Monday's class.
Napoleonic Code
Acquired the title of Emperor on December 2, 1804
Persuaded Jefferson to buy the Louisiana Territory
Ottoman Empire, Britain, Portugal and Sweden were free from his control
Lost the Battle of Trafalgar to the British navy
Established France’s banking system
Opposed Britain
Never lost the support of his people
Banished to the island of Elba
One in forty men of his grand army returned from Russia
Nationalism of Germany, Italy and Spain was used against Napoleon
Altered France into becoming a feared nation.
Put up blockades in Britain to stop their trade with continental Europe
Attacked Britain at Waterloo and was defeated
Russia, Britain, Prussia and Sweden declared war on France
The Congress of Vienna was the response to Napoleon’s reign
Everlasting defeat by Russia
National Convention, defended the delegates
Army pinned down in Egypt
Political power
One of three consuls
Laws that would strengthen the central government
Established a national banking system
On December 2, 1804 became Emperor
New world, Louisiana sold for 15 million
Blockade that didn’t work
On the throne of Spain put Joseph (his brother)
Nationalism, was a powerful weapon against Napoleon
Army of the Guerillas caused trouble for Napoleon
Peninsula War
Alexander 1 would not stop selling grain to Britain
Russians practiced scorched earth policy and burned city of Moscow, so Napoleon wouldn’t seize it.
Terms of surrender that he accepted made him give up his throne
Exiled to Elba
Not your typical teenage guy, a knack for working
Artillery and
Planning in the military
On May 18th of 1804, a declaration
Lets him place the French crown upon his own head
Euphoric at the prospect
Of running a country all his own
Not serving anyone but himself
By the year, he grows
Older and more disliked, until at last to the Isle of Elba he is shipped
Not as emperor of France but
As Emperor of the island
Prisoners he so abhors
Alone and determined, he plots an escape and
Regains his original title
The Hundred Days he spends with French troops until once again he is sent away
Ending his life on Saint Helena as a prisoner of his own reign
FIRST :)
N apoleonic Code eliminated many injustices.
A rtillery hero defending the delegates and greeted the Royalists with a cannonade.
P ope Pius VII agreed to the concordat.
O ften compared to Alexander the Great, Hannibal of Carthage, and Julius Caesar.
L ed his troops at the head of the march showing power.
E nemy Generals couldn't predict Napoleons next move at the Battle of Austerlitz.
O penly crowned himself at the Notre Dame Cathedreal in Paris.
N o enemies left except for Great Britain after his multiple battlefield victories.
B ritain could blockade France more effectively.
O verly expanded his Empire, making it hard to control.
N avy was weaker then Britain's making the continental system ineffective.
A dvancing to Portugal through Spain lost Napoleon 300,000 soldiers.
P ut his Brother on the throne of Spain and displaced the King, angering the Spanish people.
A lliances with his conquered foe were loosely attached.
R ussian invasion was poorly executed and lost Napoleon 400,000~ soldiers.
T he nationalistic feelings in Spain motivated other countries to turn against the French.
E scaped from Elba after being exiled.
Never gave up
Appointed to lead French army in numerous battles
Plebiscite approved constitution gained him power
Opened lycées
Limited Church power in a concordat
Emperor, a self proclaimed title
Overwhelming big empire accumulated
Notorious for victories
But not at Trafalgar
Outraged Spanish fight against French
Not a good idea to invade Russia
Army suffers through winter
Plus Russian raiders attack
Admits defeat but
Regains power for a last hundred days
To be conquered at Waterloo
Ending his reign
Not as tall as I am
Authoritarian
People-pleaser
Odd little man
Lack of self-control
Emperor
Officer in the army
Nutty little colonel
Brought about his own defeat in Russia
Ordered Continental System
Not a great student
Attacked by lots of people
Proud
A bad habit of humiliating his enemies
Returned to France from Exile
Tried again and lost once more
Exiled to South Atlantic
N icknamed “The Little Corporal”
A dvocate for the new government
P etite Frenchman
O rigionated in Corsica, a Mediterranean island
L ieutenant in the artillery at age 16
E nrolled in military school at age 9
O n December 2nd, 1804, he was crowned emperor
N early conquered ALL of Europe
B lockades on Britain failed
O ld man winter drove his armies from Russia
N eed for expansion, caused his contraction
A llied Europe became the biggest threat, and biggest downfall of Napoleon
P eninsulares pose problems for Napoleon’s power
A fter his return from exile, he once again became emperor
R evoking his powers for the second time, the British exiled him again to St. Helena
T he European allies teamed up and removed napoleon from power at the battle
E xiled to Elba and escaped in 1815
New hero
Aristocrat
Powerful
Overpowers
Leader
Emperor
Overwhelming
Narcissist
Blockade
Overestimate
Naval defeat
Arrogance
Peninsular War
Alliances
Russia
Trounce
Exile
Not French
Artillery
Politics
Organization
Legislation
Energetic
Opposition crushed
Napoleon I,Emperor of France
Bungled foreign policy
Over extended
Nelson, Horatio
Aggressive
Peninsular war
Army destroyed
Russia
The Hundred Days
Exile
Napoleonic Codes which were laws
Arrived in france for egypt
Plus he defended france
Outraged by loss in trafalgar
Led a coup de tat
Established many institutions
Overwhelming military
None could match his power at its peak
Battling his way through europe
Outraged gorilla fighters challenge french
Napoleons army is starting weaken
American lands sold
Plowing through russia
Army is freezing from russian winter
Russians gain a major victory over napoleon
To lose a major war, waterloo
Exiled in elba
National Convention, defended the delegates
Ambitious and aspiring to everything
Pretended to be the constitutionally chosen leader of a free republic
Opened lycées so male students could have an education
Lost American territories
Emperor of france from 1804-1821
Overwhelming number of people voted in favor of the constitution which gave him more power
Napoleonic code was his greatest work in his eyes
By 1784 he was recommended for a career in the army
On December 2, 1804 Napoleon was crowned emperor
Notre Dame Cathedral is where he was crowned emperor
Attended military school where he was picked on by his class mates
Peninsular War weakened the French empire
Annexed the Austrian Netherlands
Russia signed peace treaties after his battlefield successes
The nationalistic feelings of Spain made other countries turn against France
Established a blockade to prevent all trade and communication between Great Britain and other European countries
Needed to defend the delegates
Ascended the Alps into Italy
Proved to be defeatable in Egypt
Organized a coup d'état
Lead Europe to peace
Energy into improving France
Overpowered others in Battle of Austerlitz
Napoleon controls much of Europe
Blockade set up to ruin British economy
Overthrew Spanish king
Nationalistic Spaniards became guerillas
Attempted to attacked Russians
Proved too weak to hack the Russian winter
Austrians attacked and defeated Napoleon
Request to continue fight denied
The French defeated at the Battle of Waterloo
Exiled to St. Helena and died
Nine sent to military school
Appointed leader of French army
Political power was seized by Napoleon
Order in France was restored
Lifted the crown out of the pope’s hands to put on his own head, showing his power
Emperor with France behind him
Of being emperor for some time he wanted more power
Napoleon had power over most of Europe
Blockade to lower England’s power
On the Continental system, Napoleon wanted Europe self-sufficient
Nations joined forces against Napoleon
Army became very small after the invasion of Russia
Poland cause a breakdown in Russia’s and France’s alliance
Alexander I went against Napoleon’s rule of not trading with England
Retreat out of Russia was deathly to French army
To go to St. Helena was Napoleon second place of exile
Elba was Napoleon’s 1st exile
Napoleonic Code
A hero to Paris
Powerful
Only lost one battle.
Led France to many victories.
Established new relationship between the church and the state.
Overpowered all but Horatio Nelson.
No one more powerful, not even the Church
Bad decision maker
Over-Confident
Never gave in.
Attempted to control Western Russia.
Parted with allies such as Russia.
Attempted to destroy Great Britain's economy.
Removed Spanish King.
Turned against Russia, and invaded.
Exiled
National Convention march to defend delegates
Austria, Britain, Russia joined to defeat France
Plebiscite a vote of the people held
Open to all people to find strong leadership
Lycees set up when Napoleon ruled
Emperor is a title he took for himself
Offered to sell Louisiana Territory to USA
New World was left and focus turn towards Europe
Blockade set up closing ports between Britain
Other mistakes were invasion of Spain
Nobody trusted
A new king named Joseph, his own brother
Peninsular war second main mistake of his reign
Alexander I was Napoleons ally, who was a
Russian czar, but Napoleon got angry and
Took a bad approach and invading Russia which
Ended his reign slowly
“Naitre” in Corsica August 15, 1769
Attended French military academies
Poor performance in everything but artillery
Overthrew the national assembly and made himself Emperor
Let the pope hold the crown, but put it on his own head
Europe trembled at his name
Only God seemed to be able to resist him
Napoleon created the biggest European empire since Rome
Bad luck and a few mistakes led to his decline
Over-confidence on his part led to the deaths of many of his soldiers
Naval ignorance led to the devastation of his maritime powers
Attacked Portugal through Spain, but Spain resisted and he lost more soldiers
Put his soldiers through the Russian winter without supplies
Relinquished the throne and was exiled to Elba
Took back the throne but was defeated at Waterloo
Ended his life on the island of St Helena in exile
Napoleonic code gave France a uniform set of laws
Austria, Britain and Russia joined together to drive him from power after his coup d'état
Powers of a dictator
Ottoman Empire stayed free from his control
Limited church power in natural affairs
Emperor - crowned himself
Opened lycées
No victory for the French at the Battle of Trafalgar
Blockade idea did not succeed
On June 18, 1815 attacked the British at Waterloo
Nationalism was powerful weapon against Napoleon
April 1814, gave up throne and surrendered
Peninsular War - weakened French Empire
Antoinette's grandniece (Marie Louise), he married
Russia, Britain, Austria, Prussia, and Sweden joined forces against him
The Congress of Vienna reacted to Napoleon's rule
Exiled to Elba
Napoleonic Code
Assembled- Lycées-government-run schools
Pope Pius and Napolean sign a concordat
Officer of an army to Master of France in 4 years
Leader of the french army in 1769
Emperor of France
Only one major battle lost, the Battle of Trafalgar
Not very tall...5'3
Became a 'dictator' in his coup
Offered Louisiana territory
Never gave up
Austria,Russia,Britain signed peace treaties with france
Plebiscite-Vote for people
Austerlitz Battle-big success
Russia invasion marked turn for the worst
Tried to set up a blockage with Great Britain
Ended corruption and inefficiency in government
New General famous for using
Artillery to defend delegates
Promoted many times
Offended when people mocked him for his height
Lycées educated soldiers to be in his army
Elected himself as Emperor of France
On May 18, 1804
Numerous victories were by him
Blockades fail against Britain
Overly extended borders
Navy lost battle at Trafalgar
Army dwindled in Russian winter
Plans to retreat back to France
Accepts loss while defending Paris
Raised another army
To lose it at Waterloo
Exiled twice
Napoleon enters the stage,
Action is taken to become a leader of France
Plebiscite was arranged to approve of a constitution,
Order is restored in France
Laws supported government and ideals of revolution
Emperor title is given to Napoleon
On the day of Austerlitz Napoleon’s trust in his army was verified,
New world is abandoned to conquer Europe.
Blockade ends in failure,
Ottoman Empire remains independent,
Napoleonic code eliminated many injustices,
Another mistake is made
Peninsular War ends with 300,000 dead,
Alexander 1 refuses to obey Napoleon
Retreating Alexander’s army leads Napoleon into the harsh Russian winter
The Battle of Waterloo
Ended Napoleons last bid for power.
Napoleonic Code was made
Artillery hero and genius
Pope signed concordat to establish a new relationship with the church and France
Opposed Britain and always tried to find ways to beat them, including the
Louisiana purchase, which gave the United States more power, hurting the British
Established a banking system in France
Over his reign, greatly strengthened France’s European power
Never gave up
Britain, Russia, Prussia and Sweden joined forces against France
Overly confident in war
Napoleon was banished from France…twice
Austria also declared war against France
Pivotal battles were lost at Waterloo and Trafalgar
Alexander I would not stop trading grain to Britain, leading to the destruction of the blockade
Russian invasion failed, causing loss of 400,000 soldiers, was also called
The Hundred Days War
Ended Napoleon’s final reign as Emperor of France
N- National Convention put him in a position of power in the army.
A- Annexed the Austrian Netherlands, Italy, Switzerland, and more under his control.
P- Pope Pius VII signed an agreement that the Church would not interfere with the government.
O- Overthrew his two consul members to gain complete control.
L- Lycées, helped found government-run schools.
E- Empowered himself as Emperor in 1804.
O- Often able to disguise his glitches in Euro-domination.
N- Never showed doubt.
B- Battle of Trafalgar, first major loss.
O- Over estimated his power.
N- Nation’s size was great, but its stability was not.
A- Attacked by guerrillas.
P- Prussia, Britain, Russia, Sweden, and Austria fought against him.
A- Angered Germans, Italians, and more, causing them to rebel against him.
R- Returned from Russia without 420,000 soldiers.
T- Trying to regain power was a mistake.
E- Exile^2.
N: ative to the Mediterranean island of Corsica
A: ge 9, parents sent him to military school
P: roved himself in school and became a lieutenant in the artillery
O: ctober 1795, he and his gunners forced royalists to flee
L: ead a French army against the forces of Austria and the Kingdom of Sardinia
E: xpedition to Egypt to protect French trade interests and to disrupt British trade with Russia
O: nly suffered one defeat in early years, against the British in Egypt, but it was kept from the media
N: ations of Britain, Austria and Russia eventually signed a peace agreement with France
B: rought a plebiscite for people to vote on to approve a new constitution
O: verwhelming support for the constitution from the people
N: apoleonic Code- comprehensive system of laws
A: uthority and order promoted over individual rights
P: roclaimed himself title of the Emperor
A: frican slaves revolted and demanded rights and freedom
R: esorted to selling the Louisiana Territory to the Americas to cute his losses
T: wofold benefits came from the sale- gained money to finance operations in Europe, and punished the British
E: mpire eventually fell due to Napoleon's actions
Napoleonic Code
An ambitious man rises to
Power over all of France
Over peasants, estates and nobility
Leader over all, showing this by crowning himself
Emperor
Often defeating other countries
No matter their strength
Blockades from Britian
Over expands, trying to conquer all
Not thinking of his peoples needs, only his for power
Army suffers in the cold of Russia
Propaganda leads to promises not fulfilled
Arrogance and stupidity causes his enemies to ally with eachother, including
Russia, Sweden, Britian and Prussia
The Hundred years war leaves him being
Emporer of nothing dies on an island alone
Sarah Etzold
New idea's for France
A war hero
People First
Optimistic
Lyées (school for all males)
Expanded French Empire
Opinionated
Napoleonic Code
Blockade
Obviously losing wars left and right
Napoleon defeated over and over again
Alliance with Austria
Peninsular War
An unstable empire
Russian invasion (scorched- earth policy)
Trafalgar battle
Enemy to most of Europe
Napleonic code
Aggressive tactician
popular
organizer of good results
looks over the church
Emperor
over confident
Nelson beats Napoleons fleet
Blockade
Oppressive rule of spain
Napoleon chases Alexanders army
Alexander uses scorched earth policy
Prussia, britain, russia and swedan rally against France
Allied armies exile Napoleon
Return of Napoleon
The hundred days
exiled again
N othing more than an officer
A damantly defeated royalist rebels
P lebiscite gave him power
O pened lycées to educate the people
L et the church back into France
E mperor when he took the crown from the pope
O uted of Americas by L'Overture
N apoleon sets sights on Europe
B lockades with Britain
O perations in Spain lose him troops and weaken his empire
N apoleon invades Russia
A lexander leads Napoleon into Russia
P lagued by scorched-earth
A rrives in Moscow on September 14, 1812 then retreats
R aises an unfit army
T aken down at Waterloo
E xiled to St. Helena
N- Napoleonic code was made
A- All new ideas for France
P- Power over Everyone
O- Open to all people
L- Lead troops to victory
E- Emperor
O- Order is restored in France
N- Never quite
B- Blockade
O- Over expands
N- Napoleon looses many wars
A- Army suffers massive loss
P- Peninsular war
A- Allied armies exile Napoleon
R- Russian invasion
T- Trafalgar Battle
E- Ended his last bid for power
ALex Messerich
Necessary
Aggressive
Powerful
Obscure
Leadership
Evasive
Agile
Napoleonic code
Brilliant
Officer
New order
Attack
Plebiscite
Allied forces
Retreat
Terror
Effectiveness
National Convention commission to defend delegates
Approached the enemy without fear
Put in place Napoleonic Code
Openly took power through a military coup
Left in place changes after Louis XVI rule
Established economic reform
Opened lycees, or schools for men
New relationship between church and state
Blockading Britain exposed naval weakness
Opted to invade Portugal through Spain
Nearly killed whole army by invading Russia
Almost froze in shock from empty Moscow
Pried from throne by fellow Europeans
Almost successfully exiled to Elba
Returned for a Hundred Days
Trafalgar and Waterloo are biggest defeats
Exiled, once again, but this time to St. Helena
New to France
Amazing
Possessive
Original
Little
Extraordinary
Obduring- hard winter
Non-accepting
Boastful
Oblivious
Narcissistic
Abnormal
Prideful
Arrogant
Rare
Tactical
Engulfing
Napoleonic Code helped change France
Aggressive towards Spain and other countries
Plebiscite approved a new constitution in 1800
Overthrew National Legislature and its appointed councils
Lycees Government public schools, which he introduced
Emperor of France (From 1800 to 1814)
Austrian Invasion
Nelson defeated Napolean's Navy
Blockade, closed ports around England
Overtaken by British and Prussians at Waterloo
Never backed down from starting a fight
Administrator who oversaw many changes in French Society
Peninsular war fought in Spain
Austrian Wife, Marie Louis, was married in 1811
Russian Invasion was a failure
Tiny island of Ella was where he was banished
Europe banded together to fight back
National Convention
Artillery
Personality
October 1795
loss of American Territories
European Empire
Napoleonic
Blockade
Open Fire
Nations
Attacks
Power
Austria
Retreat
Trade
National Convention
Appointed Emperor of France by the Pope
Political
Over compensates for lack of height with military aggressiveness
Large portion of Egypts artifacts were under french control
Escaped from exile on Elba (alliteration!)
October of 1795, Napoleon's armies helped protect delegates from
royalists
Navy was not as strong as Britain's
Battle of Trafalgar was lost
Opposed by guerrillas on route to portugal
Nearly lost all of his allies
Almost all of his enemies joined to opposed him
People were not happy with some of his decisions
Angered allies causing more enemies
Russian winter aided his demise
Tragic loss at Waterloo
Exiled a second time
Lydia Wall
Napoleonic Code
A strong leader
Powerful
Overthrew others in the government
Leader
Emperor of France
Only one major battle lost
Never doubted his own strength
Blockaded Britain and failed
Overestimated his own power
Navy lost at trafalgar
Attacked by many, and lost most battles
Peninsular war
Attempted to control too much at once
Russian Invasion was a failure
Tossed carelessly on an island
Exiled