Lesson #14 - The Rise and Fall of Napoleon

Never ending artillery lover.
And was a hero when saved delegates
Placed emperor on 1804
Oodles of power he wanted
Lycees were created
Entered into his business to try and get USA back.
Onto Europe!
Not more than one battle lost: Battle of Trafalgar.

Blockades set up-first mistake
Oodles of British smuggled things in.
Napoleon makes second mistake
And put Joseph on the throne.
Peninsular War
And he destroys his career.
Russia destroys his army.
The enemies sent him off, he returned.
End of his sad life when he was sent off once more.

Many
Underdogs
Shine while playing the piano
Into cellos they plunge
Crying over Beethoven’s ninth.

Great god! The Olympics!
Return to Mount Olympus now!
Enter to my domain, Athena.
Exit now, suitors! Get out of Odysseus’s castle!
Can you string the large bow, suitors? Let me fetch it for you.
Exit 300, and never return.

Nine years old, off to military school
Appointed leader of French Army
Plebiscite gives him power as first consul
Order restored to France
Lycées set up
Established new relationship between Church and State
Opposed Britian, Austria and Russia when at war at beginning of reign
New World sold at $15 million, helped France financially

Blockade
Oppressed people suspected of being guerillas
Nationalism threatened of the Spanish people
Attempts at war start to fail
Peninsular War
Almost 700,000 men die in wars
Russia beats back exhausted forces
Tried to regain power after exiled
Exiled for last time

Judged Louis XVI guilty and had him executed
Advocates of the king wanted dead by Marat
Contend with war with Austria and Prussia
Ordered a draft of 300,000 troops to army
Bounds of enemies throughout France
In time people executed for suspicions
National Convention orders Robespierre’s death

Knowledgeable
Inherited throne
Neutral taxes suggested
Gave his best efforts and intentions to help France

Lavish spending of money
Old Regime dies
Unable to lead effectively
Intercepted in his attempt to escape
Sent to the guillotine

Nine years old when he was enrolled in military school
Acted when given the opportunity to control royalist rebels in 1795
Paris praised him as a savior of the French Republic
Overcame the forces of Austria and Sardinia in his heroic victories in Italy
Lawmakers dissolved the directory and the Corsican became First Consul in his coup
Essentially was given all real power as a result of the plebiscite for a new constitution
Outshone the Church in terms of power when he took the crown from the pope and crowned himself emperor
Nearly became an indestructible force through his control over most of Europe by 1812, though several mistakes led to his loss of power.

Blockaded Great Britain to make continental Europe more self-sufficient and to bring about the downfall of Britain’s economy
Outplayed by the British, who established their own, tighter Blockade due to a stronger navy
Never should have deposed the Spanish king and put his brother on the throne, especially after the Spanish were already angry over the French invasion force sent through their country to get Portugal to comply with the continental system
All his interference in Spain lead to nationalistic feelings, guerilla warfare, and the loss of 300,000 of the French Empire’s men in what would be called the Peninsula War.
Put aside and dissolved his alliance with Russia over the selling of grain to Britain and rivaling plans for Poland
Advanced on Moscow to find it burned, and on the way home many were killed from exhaustion, hunger, cold, and skirmished with Russian raiders
Returned to Europe with 10,000 troops, less than 1/42 of what he had begun with.
Trampled and exiled by his European enemies after getting back, because he could not recover from losing so many well-trained soldiers
Escaped from his place of banishment to become emperor of France again, but the Corsican’s Hundred Days ended with the battle at Waterloo against European enemies who then exiled him for good

Maria Teresa was her mother
At the apex of the social pyramid
Royal princess, she strategically married the dauphin of France
Initiated as Queen of France while still just a teenager
Ennuied and bored with her husband and daily rituals

Assuaged her discontent by surrounding herself with a circle of indulgent friends
Neglected moderation in spending and filled her days with masked balls, gambling, plays, and park promenades
Trendsetter with her royal fashions
Overspent her budget for clothing every year
Interested in spending on her friends as well
Not liked for her support of the Austrian alliance
Envy and hatred of her spread and rumors of her private life and funds sent to Austria began to circulate
Tended to be called “Madame Deficit”
Tried after the death of her husband for crimes ranging from treason to sexually abusing her son
Executed by guillotine on October 16, 1793

Juxtaposed his weak physical body with his strong mental brilliance
Educated in medicine, science, physics, and journalism
Angered easily, suffering from a painful skin disease
Nurtured a violent, revolutionary atmosphere in Paris
-
Published articles with radical ideas in his own newspaper, “Friend of the People”
Attacked enemies of the revolution with his harsh journalism
Upheld his idea that all people related or close to the king must be killed to install a new regime
Leader and president of the Jacobins by 1793

More popular after eliminating from the National Convention an opposing political faction, the Girondists, who he believed were enemies of republicanism
Attacked and killed in his bath by a Girondist sympathizer in July 1793
Recognized nationally with a stunning funeral
Acknowledged on his tombstone as “the friend of the people” killed by “the enemies of the people”
Taken from his grave and buried in the Panthéon in Paris, further recognition of his deeds for France

Napoleon:

Napoleon was his name
Artillery lieutenant at age 16
Powers of a dictator not many years later
Only disregarded Revolution on the subject of religion
Law system called the Napoleonic Code
Emperor on December 2nd, 1804
Offered to sell Louisiana to the United States to increase their power against England
Never lost a battle, except for one naval defeat, and soon had control over most of Europe

Blockade failed
Often made mistakes due to love of power
Nationalism became a weapon against him
Angry that Alexander I kept selling grain to Britain
Poland was at stake between him and Alexander I
Alexander practiced scorched-earth, which made Napoleon have to retreat
Russians allowed him into Moscow only to burn it and make them go back
Tried to raise another army, but they were unprepared
Eventually died in 1821

Louis XIV

Louis was his name
Once boasted, “I am the state.”
Ultimate absolute monarch of his time
Indulgent in luxury
Soon was called the Sun King.

eXtreme spending of France’s money
Interested in the arts
Very disliked by his death

Renaissance

Revival of art and learning
Educated me and women hoped to bring back classical Greece and Rome
Northern Italy being urban helped spread ideas
A Renaissance man was thought of as being good at everything
Italy was its birthplace
Study of classical texts led to the humanism movement
Secular was the basis of the Renaissance society
A Renaissance woman was expected to know the classics and be charming
New ideas for writing and art and science
Called on great artists
England got it around the 1450s

Napolean Bonaparte

Napoleonic Code was the system of laws that Napolean made himself
Austria, Russia, and Prussia rulers signed peace treaties because of his battlefield success
Plebiscite was held to approve a new constitution because of Napolean
October 1795, he became a hero
Louisiana Territory is what he sold to the Americas for $15 million
Ecole Militaire is where he was transferred to in Paris
Austrian Netherlands were annexed and so were parts of Italy to France
New world ambitions were abandoned because he wanted to focus on Europe.

Blockade was set to prevent trade and communication between Great Britain
On June 18, 1815 Napolean attacked Waterloo in Belgium
Navy of Britain used a blockade
Alexander I had become Napolean’s ally
Peninsula War was when he lost 300,000 men
Austria declared war on Napolean.
Russia was invaded by France because of the trading between Britain and Russia
Trafalgar was a battle, Britain against France
Empire collapses

Thomas Jefferson

The author of the Declaration of Independence
Horticulturist
One body of government, the Congress was in the Articles of Confederation
Montesquieu, Locke, and Rousseau had theories, they were known in the Constitutional Convention
Articles of Confederation was revised by the Constitutional Convention
Supported civil liberties

John F. Kennedy was the next president after him
Enlightenment was an idea in the Bill of Rights
Freedom of speech was supported
Federal system was set up by the Constitution
Envisioned America as the force behind a great “Empire of Liberty”
Religious freedom was supported
Slave owner
On April 13, 1743 Thomas Jefferson was born
National Government created a loose confederation in which they held a lot of the power

Maria Theresa

Mother of an infant when
Aix-la-Chapelle was a treaty and it was how she lost Silesia
Ruled over Austria
India, Europe, and North America is where the Seven Years’ War was fought
Austria had an ally (Saxony) that was attacked by Frederick the Great

Thirty Years’ War made Prussia have a strong army, which took away Silesia
Heir of all Hapsburg territories
Eldest daughter of Charles I
Ruled not absolutely
Enlightenment was in a little of Maria Theresa’s rule
Seven Years’ War involved Austria, Prussia, Britain, France, and Russia
Austria switched allies with France

NAPOLEON BONAPARTE
Napoleon Bonaparte was born in 1769
At nine he went to military school
Praised for his intelligence, he became a general quickly
One of three consuls he became.
Leading a coup, Napoleon became a dictator
Emperor he became
Opened ties between churches and state
Napoleon created the largest empire since the Romans, without America

Battle of Trafalgar damaged his naval fleet
Only five years did the empire stay prosperous
Naively, Napoleon sets up a blockage against the British
After invading Spain, he fought off the illusive Spanish guerrillas
Perhaps the most foolish mistake, napoleon invaded Russia, destroying his army
Alone, exiled to Elba
Returned to France for the 100 days
Trapped between British and Prussian armies, he was defeated
Exiled and died on Saint Helena

HOMER
Had a knack for story telling
Originated from Greece
Made many great stories
Entered the pantheon of great writers
Remembered for The Odyssey and The Iliad

LOUIS XIV
Likes to be called sun king
Operated from a centralized government
Used his army to wages several wars
Inducted into control at 22
Successfully helps the arts thrive

X-tremely luscious hair
Is the longest ruling monarchy in European history
Very strict schedule

Nine years old he’s off to military school
Appointed Leader of French Army and swept through Italy
Plebiscite was held that approved a new constitution
Order was restored in France
Lycées were set up for all male students
Established a brand new relationship between church and state
Order and authority promoted over individual rights in Napoleonic Code
New World abandoned and $15 million dollars in Napoleon’s pocket

Blockade completely fails
Outraged Spanish people worry about Joseph being their king
Naughty guerrilla fighters, along with the British, defeat Napoleon’s army
About 300,000 of Napoleon’s men die in Peninsular War
Poland wanted by both France and Russia
Alexander pulls back his troops and practiced scorched-earth policy
Russia’s holy city purposefully burned by Alexander
Terms of surrender accepted by Napoleon, and Napoleon was exiled
European allies quick to attack Napoleon as he comes back for the Hundred Days

Tyrant king would not obey social contract
He would not give colonists same rights as people in Britain
Oppressed people the colonies wanted a change
Men are all created equal is one main idea that was put into Declaration
Americans declared themselves separate from Britain
Second Constitutional Congress issued Declaration

John Locke’s basic ideas were the Declarations biggest influence
End of the war seemed to be a destined defeat for the Americans
Fighting motivation for Americans was much stronger than that of the British
Fighting overseas was very expensive for British
Eager to weaken Britain, Louis XVI of France provided support for the Americans
Revolution started looking food for Americans
Surrendering, the British had suffered shocking defeat
Oppressed Americans had won their freedom thanks to Thomas Jefferson
Never again has a country become as powerful as the United States of America
South American wars of independence rested on the achievements of Simón Bolívar
Independence for Venezuela declared from Spain in 1811
Many defeats suffered by Bolívar army
Only volunteers made up Bolívar’s army
Now what is Columbia, Bolívar finally turned the war around in a battle there
Easily won in Columbia because Bolívar took the Spanish army by surprise

By the year 1821, Bolívar and his army had won Venezuela’s independence
Out of Venezuela and into Ecuador, Bolívar discussed with José de San Martin
Lima was going to be attacked and all Spanish forces were to be driven out
In time, San Martin agreed to give his army to Bolívar for a strong attack
Venezuela, Columbia, Panama, and Ecuador unite to form Gran Columbia after win
All countries in Latin America had finally won their independence, thanks to Bolívar
Revolutionary forces with passion and Bolívar finally won, after many long years

Also in the comments some of the longer ones got put down to the next line so some of the names don't look right, but if you want the actual version I can always email it to you.

On mine there was supposed to be two spaces in between the S for Símon and that and the N in Jefferson

Not a very tall man.
Attended a military school at age nine.
Passes military school and becomes a lieutenant.
Obtained the title of first consul and got the power of a dictator.
Lycees were set up.
Extracted the crown from the pope’s hands and crowned himself.
Offered to sell all of the Louisiana Territory to United States for 15 million dollars.
Naval defeat on the coast of Spain is the only defeat he ever lost.

Blockade against Great Britain.
On the other hand, smugglers still got to Great Britain.
Nearly loses army in Peninsular War.
Army goes all out in Russia.
People of Russia practice “scorched-earth policy” in an effort to defeat Napoleon.
A horrible winter destroys most of Napoleon’s army.
Received a loss from Russia and is exiled to Elba.
Through magic, he escapes and raises an army, but loses at the Battle of Waterloo.
Exiled for another 6 years and dies…

Judged a lot of Europe’s government, which led to new thinking.
Overthrowing failed government was one of his biggest ideas.
Hobbes and Locke used their skills to create an equal government.
Not a believer in monarchy.

Life, Liberty, property.
One of the many people who helped the Enlightment reach its height.
Compiled a bunch of notes to create the book, Two Treatises of Government.
Kept a positive view of human nature.
Enlightened Thomas Jefferson from a book which led to the Declaration of Independence.

Keenly religious.
Inherited Spain, the Spanish Netherlands, and the American Colonies.
Not a very outgoing person but was very serious.
Gold…gold…and more gold from colonies.

Penciled in another 16,000 pounds of silver into Spain’s economy.
Helped raise army up to 50,000 soldiers.
In a lost to England, Philip seriously weakened Spain.
Loved art.
Inflation rises due to lots of silver and gold.
Protestants are kicked out of Spain because King Philip is very religious, which leads to revolt.

Napoleon Bonaparte:
New member of the three consuls established by the Directory.
Assumed the powers of a dictator through a coup d’état.
Plebiscite was held to approve of the new constitution allowing Napoleons rule
Opened lycées, a national banking system, an efficient tax collection method while signing a concordat with the Church and establishing the Napoleonic Code.
Lost the American territories (as an emperor of France) for money and to punish the British.
European conquest that lead to building the largest European empire since the Romans.
Ottoman Empire, Sweden, Portugal, and Britain remained the only free areas of Europe.
Napoleon’s vast French Empire was stable from 1807-1812.

Blockade called the Continental System, The Peninsular War and the Invasion of Russia would tear apart Napoleon’s empire.
Open spots in the Continental System would allow it to fail in its ultimate purpose to damage Britain’s trade.
Navy of Britain created their own, much better, blockade in response to Napoleon, undergoing a two-year war.
A feeling of nationalism spread through Spain during the Peninsular War.
Poland’s land along with Russia’s refusal to stop selling grain to Britain sparked Napoleon’s decision to invade Russia, where his Grand Army of more than 420,000 soldiers would face devastation.
All major powers of Europe declare war with France.
Respectfully, Napoleon was defeated by Prussia and Russia and exiled to Elba with a small pension.
The new king, Louis XVIII, was unpopular with his subjects, so Napoleon returned to France and quickly became emperor.
Exiled again Napoleon was (to St. Helena) after he was defeated at Waterloo.
--------------------------------
Thomas Jefferson:
The author of the Declaration of Independence.
Hypocritical slave owner.
Openly supported the American Revolution and the abolishment of slavery.
Many believe he used the ideas of John Locke as a basis for the Declaration.
A Virginian.
Second Continental Congress is where his Declaration of Independence was issued.

John Adams was President of the United States before Thomas Jefferson became the third.
Events during his Presidency include the Louisiana Purchase and the Lewis and Clark Expedition.
First United States Secretary of Senate.
Founder of the University of Virginia.
Envisioned America as a force behind a great ‘Empire of Liberty’.
Remembered for writing the Statute of Virginia for Religious Freedom.
Studied Latin, Greek, and French at age nine.
Often considered one of the greatest Presidents in history.
Newton, Francis Bacon, and John Locke were called the ‘three greatest men the world had ever produced’ by Jefferson.
---------------------------------
Voltaire:
Very famously said, “I do not agree with a word you say but will defend to the death your right to say it.”
Often used satire against his opponents (the clergy, the aristocracy, and the government).
Liked to wear shabby, rumpled clothes.
The Prussian king (Frederick II) and Voltaire were good friends until they had a falling out.
A French philosopher.
Intolerance, prejudice and superstition were some of his ‘worst enemies’.
Reason, nature, happiness, progress, and liberty were the five principles often defended by philosophes.
Exiled to England for more than two years and twice was sent to prison.

Not very tall
Army leader against Austria
Power was seized by Napoleon, also called a coup d’état
On December 2, 1804, Pope showed that Napoleon was more powerful than the Church.
Louisiana Purchase sold to Americans for $15 million
Europe, that wasn’t Britain, Portugal, Sweden or the Ottoman Empire, was under Napoleon’s reign.
Only lost one important battle, the Battle if Trafalgar
Napoleonic Code, according to Napoleon was his greatest work

Blockade was Napoleon’s first “disastrous mistake”
October 1813, was the date in which Napoleon’s ill prepared army lost in Leipzig
Napoleon loses to guerillas, which were Spanish peasant fighters
Alexander I really threw Napoleon off with the scorched earth policy leading to defeat
Peninsular war was his second “disastrous mistake”
An army led by Duke of Wellington defeated Napoleon at Waterloo
Russian invasion was his most fatal flaw
The Hundred Days was the defeat that ended his last bid for power
Exiled in St. Helena, These were his final years of life

Voltaire

Voltaire was born in 1694
Often disliked Fredrick the Greats poetry
Liberty was a key factor that he supported
Targeted the clergy
Also targeted aristocracy and the government
I do not agree with a word you say but will defend to the death your right to say it.
Rights and freedom were a main part of his beliefs
Exiled due to his beliefs

Charles I

Charles took throne after James I died.
He always needed money because he was in war with Spain and France.
Asked Parliament for money, but several times they refused so he dissolved it, but later they came back.
Refused to give him money until he signed document known as Petition of right
Levying taxes, imprisonment, housing soldiers in private homes and martial law in peacetime were all banned by this document unless Parliament said it was okay.
Even though he signed the document, he disobeyed it often
Scottish Presbyterians were almost forced by Charles to accept Anglican Prayer book.

In 1649, Cromwell tried him for treason against Parliament, he was guilty and executed in public.

Noble defender of the National Convention
Assumer of autocratic power
Powerful leader of France
Overwhelming support shown through plebiscite
Lust for rest of Europe
Effective military commander
Owner of Spain Italy and German kingdoms
Need to expand empire even more

British withstand blockade
Oppression causes rebellion in Spain
Nationalism becomes potent enemy
Attacking of Russia proves a costly mistake
Preparation for Russian winter lacking
Assault by combined British, Russian, Austrian and Swedish forces
Respite until the hundred days
Taking back of France and creating another army
Exile and death

Rejection of system currently in place
Essential decision about how to proceed
Volatile period of unease
Ostracizing of members deemed out of place
Lethargic start up of new government
Unifying of nation under motto
Terrible initial mistakes
Incumbent political duties start to happen
Overthrown government makes feeble last move of resistance
Normalcy

Necessary feeling of pride in ones country
Attest to its greatness at any cost
Trepidation that country may fall
Inclusion of country’s name on all ‘Best of’ lists
Onerous patriotism
Noticeable difference when referring to other countries
Attack of those that criticize
Lenient attitude towards country’s wrongs
Independent thought process clouded by bias
Self-righteousness
Maniacal delusions involving dominance of other countries

Native citizen of Corsica, France
Apt at military strategy
Powerful commander of land troops
On taker of most of Europe
Locked down Britain’s economy
Elected by himself to be First Consul
Offered Louisiana to the United States when faced by bankruptcy
Named himself Emperor

Beaten badly by Scorched Earth methods of Russia
Overcome by the Guerillas at the Peninsular War
Never reclaimed Saint-Domingue
Alack, less powerful in sea warfare
Plotted against at court on several occasions
Admired by Beethoven for awhile
Returned from first exile for the ‘Hundred Days’
Took a final defeat at Waterloo
Exiled twice from France

Chinese philosopher of much importance
Offered profound wisdom on the lives of people
Not of the militaristic, nor the wealthy, life of his father
Found the etiquette of daily behavior to be one of three most important moral components
Underwent the loss of both parents by the age of seventeen years
Connected political thought solely to ethics
Instructed that one must lead a life seeking greater good
Undertook the writing of five very important books
Studied for his wisdom throughout the ages

Oppression of the people under Ivan the Terrible
Police in black protected Ivan
Rule by terror
In which Ivan isolates himself
Censoring the press
Hindered the boyars
Not leaving with a strong heir, Ivan plunged Russia into even more turmoil even once the Oprichnina was over.
Involving many public executions
Not purposefully, Ivan killed his son during this period
Autarchy in some places

Napoleon Bonaparte was 5’3"
A great leader of France
Political and army leader
Often sought for conquers
Liberated France from Robespierre
Emperor of France in 1804
Out to be one of the world’s greatest generals
Named himself Emperor of France

Beaten by Russia's scorched earth methods

Overcome in the Peninsular War by guerillas

Never Gave Up

Always had an excuse/reason

Plotted towards being the most powerful man in all of France, as well as all of Europe

Admired by many, even Beethoven

Returned from his first of two exiles for the "Hundred Days"

Took a final blow at Waterloo

Exiled not once but twice from France

Geru
Achieved
Nucleus
Defending
Hostage
India

Buoyant
Articulate
Rejuvenate
Ambitious
Cheerful
Keen

Open
Bounty
Amiable
Meticulous
Admirable

Napoleon Bonaparte was born in 1769
Appointed to lead French army against Austria.
Persuaded to gain political power by friends and in 1799 the Coup D’état.
Order restored at home, Napoleon gets France on its feet and its economy going.
Laws known as the Napoleonic Code are placed to strengthen government and still appear to have some of the rights of the revolution even though it limited freedom.
Europe is at war because Napoleon is expanding his empire.
Ottoman Empire, Sweden, Portugal, and Britain were only countries not controlled by Napoleon.
Napoleons reign over Europe lasted 5 years (1807-1812) until it all fell apart.

Blockade of Britain through the Continental System failed to cut of Britain of trading and communication.
One of his major mistakes was fighting in the Peninsular war where guerrillas ambushed the French army constantly.
Napoleons arguably greatest mistake was invading Russia while Alexander used the scorched-earth policy to cut Napoleons recourses as the Russian army fell back. Then when the Grand army reached Moscow the winter did the rest to the army on their retreat.
All main powers where against Napoleon while he was weak retreating from Russia.
Paris was being threatened because the army Napoleon raised was not well trained and the allies where moving in.
After a army defeat Napoleon surrendered and was exiled to a island of the coast of Italy
Regained throne after 100 days.
Took army to Waterloo where he lost.
Exiled again to a island in the south Atlantic for good where he died.

New ruler of France after leadership battles
Attended military school
Pushed his way up the chain of command
Organized himself as ruler of France
Launched military campaigns in Europe
Embarked to create an empire.
Offered hope to many in France
Never was willing to back down

Britain was blockaded by France
Only led to rebellions against Napoleon
Napoleon began a campaign in Russia
Abandoned attempts to conquer Russia
Put down at last by other European countries
Attended peace treaty discussions
Reprimanded and sentenced to exile in Elba
Took control again, was defeated again
Exiled one last time to saint Helena, where he died

Qin Dynasty ruler
Initiated start of unified China
Not very tolerating

Strove to crush rebellion
Helped unify trade and transportation
Initiated building of Great Wall

Hated Confucianism
Unwilling to allow nobles to continue rule
Absolutely ruled
Neglected the needs of the people
Got an army of Terracotta soldiers in his tomb

Man born in 6th Century Arabia
Uneducated in reading, but learned caravan trade
Had important religious experiences
Ascribed in Islam as a prophet
Met with followers in Medina to retake Mecca
Made journey to Mecca
Attained the city
Died a few years later

1.
New military ruler
Army made stronger
Powerful
Overthrows government and becomes first consul
Lycées
Emperor
A little guy
Napoleanic Code

Blockade of Britain
One mistake after another…
Nationalism against France
Attacked by Guerrillas
Peninsular war
Allies team up against France
Russian invasion fails
The British defeat the French at Waterloo
Exile

2.
Philosopher
Learned Man
Academy’s Founder
Teachings are very influential
Outstanding Knowledge

3.
Liked and Supported the Arts
Outlawed Edict of Nantes
Utrecht Treaty
Instigated an Absolute Monarchy
Sun King

eXtremely Powerful
Important in French History
Versailles

1.Napolean Bonaparte
New military ruler
Army made stronger
Powerful
Overthrows government and becomes first consul
Lycées established
Emperor
A little guy
Napoleanic Code

Blockade of Britain
One mistake after another…
Nationalism against France
Attacked by Guerrillas
Peninsular war
Allies team up against France
Russian invasion fails
The British defeat the French at Waterloo
Exile

2.Plato
Philosopher
Learned Man
Academy’s Founder
Teachings are very influential
Outstanding Knowledge

3.Louis XIV
Liked and Supported the Arts
Outlawed Edict of Nantes
Utrecht Treaty
Instigated an Absolute Monarchy
Sun King

eXtremely Powerful
Important in French History
Versailles

Napoleonic Code- he thought this was his greatest work
Army general
Pope Pius VII signed the Concordat with Napoleon
Order in France was restored
Lycees-public schools for all boys
Established a national banking system
Operations in Europe would be financed by money when he sold the Louisiana Territory
Napoleon made himself emperor

Blockade
On September 7, 1817 the Russian and French armies clashed in the Battle of Borodino
Nationalism was a powerful weapon against Napoleon
Allied forces defeated Napoleon
Peasant fighters known as Guerrillas struck French armies
Alliance with Russia failed so Napoleon decides to invade Russia
Russians practiced the Scorch Earth Policy
The Battle of Waterloo was the end of Napoleon’s bid for power
Exiled

Catherine is most admired by philosphes
Access to Black Sea
The daughter of a German prince
Hated her husband
Empress
Ruler of Russia from 1762- 1796
In 1773 there was an uprising of serfs
Not afraid
Expanded Russia

The most intelligent and best-informed person at court
Her enlightened ideas changed after the uprising of serfs
Expanded into Poland

Gained right to send ships through the straits from the Black Sea to the Mediterranean
Reforms based on the ideas of Montesquieu and Beccaria
Enlightened despot
Abolished torture
The nobles were given absolute power over serfs

South America
Independence leader
Met Jose de San Martin
Original thinking
Nations united as Gran Columbia

Brilliant general
On December 9,Bolivar’s army defeated Spanish at the Battle of Ayaccho
Leader
In his honor, the upper Peru was renamed Bolivia
Vvisionary
A wealthy Venezuelen creole
Revolutionary movement

Noble of Genoese
Artillery lieutenant
Protected the National Convention
Overthrew directory
Leader of France
Economy was strenghtened
Organized lycées
Napoleonic Code

Blockaded Britain
Opposed by his allies
Nationalism led to Peninsular war
Alexander's scorched-earth
Policy destroyed his army in Russia
Allied Europeans defeat him in germany
Removed to Elba
The Hundred Days he was in power
Europeans shipped him away for good

Got a telescope
Advanced astronomy
Looked at planets
Liked heliocentricity
Inquisition captured him
Locked in his own house
Eventually recanted all he had said
Old age killed him in 1642

Believed science could improve peoples lives
Approached things empirically
Conclusions should be drawn from experimental data
Old assumptions might be wrong
No abstract theories or reasoning

Never gave up
Army skilled
Prepared well
Only knew how to win
Learned young
Energized the people
Once lived on island of Corsica
Not very tall

Blockade didn’t get the job done
One enemy named Britain wouldn’t go away
Needed more troops
After Peninsular War lost 300,000 men
Probably should’ve retreated sooner
Allied forces easily stopped him
Redeemed himself for a while after exile
Troops were untrained and ill prepared
Eventually lost at Waterloo

Loved to travel France’s countryside
Only certain few nobles could dress him
Usually spent a fortune to have luxury
“I am the state”
Sun King

Xpand manufacturing so gave government funds to French companies
Increased power of intendants
Very devoted to attain French economic brilliance

Very influential philosophe
Often used satire against enemies
Loved freedom of speech
The friendship of him and Frederick II went stale
Actually made a lot of enemies at French court
“I do not agree with a word you say but will defend to the death your right to say it”
Real name is François Marie Arouet
Exiled to England

NAPOLEON BONAPARTE

New parts to the empire were added
Army leader, had great military tactics
Protected delegates at a young age and became a hero
Obtained a coup d'etat
Lycées to help educate were put into use
Elected into rule
Offered the Louisiana territory to the American Colonies
Napoleonic code

Blockade fails
On retreat, the Russians attacked and depleted Napoleon's army
Napoleon's army lost at Waterloo
Attempted to make Europe self-suffient
Peninsular war
Attacked by Guerrillas
Russians burned the city of Moscow before Napoleon could get there
The final days of his power were called the "hundred days"
Expelled to Elba

JOHN LOCKE

John Locke is known is the Father of Liberalism
Opposed to absolute monarchy
Held more positive views of human nature
No one was born without 3 natural rights; life, liberty and property

Looked at self government as the best form of government
Openly believed the purpose of the government was to protect the people
Could learn from experiences
Knowledge of humans help him develop an ideal government
Enlightenment

ISAAC NEWTON

Invented law of universal gravitation
Scientist
Alchemist
Astronomer
Created book; The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy

New views on science
Empirical law of cooling
With a belief in God he described the universe as a giant clock
Theory of motion
Objects are equally affected by the same forces
Newton studied mathematics and Physics

Napoleon Bonaparte

November 1799 he took power
Austria and the Kingdom of Sardinia were only two of his many victories
Political power he took in November 1799
Ottoman Empire and a few other places remained out of Napoleon power
Lieutenant in the artillery he was before his conquests
Efficient method of tax collection he had set up
Officials who were trained helped set up lycées (government run school)
Napoleonic Code, a uniform set of rules for the country

Blockade, he tried to close all the ports to Great Britain to prevent trade
October is when he decided to go back to France after being in Moscow
Navy of the British was much stronger than Napoleon’s
Alexander I was an ally of France, but would not stop selling grain to Great Britain
Peninsular War was the war between Spain and France
Army was destroyed after the long journey, many died on the way
Russia was invaded by Napoleon
Together the Prussians and Russians defeated the French
Elba is were he was banished to for the first time

Socrates

Student he taught was named Plato
Orderly way the universe was put together he believed
Criticized the Sophists he did
Reason and logic is what he believed in
Athens his teachings were good for he said
Trail he was put on for “corrupting the youth of Athens”
Encouraged Greeks to question themselves
Slow- acting poison he drank that killed him, called hemlock

Plato

Philosopher he was around 370s B.C.
Late 20s he was in when his teacher (Socrates) died
Aristotle was his student that he taught
The Republic was his most famous work; in it he describes a prefect-governed society
Over the course of his life he was an amazing philospher

Napoleon Bonaparte:

Not very tall
Arrogant
Politician
Organized win of war against Austria
Left battlefront to come back to rule France
Elected emperor
Only held empire for five years
Not a particularly nice guy

Blockades by Napoleon fail
On the strength of the fact that his
Navy is not strong enough to go
Against Britain.
Perhaps trying to
Attack
Russia
Trounced his ambitions
Even though 10,000 soldiers were still alive

Bubonic Plague:

Bad
Upset lots of people
Because they died
Of the
Nasty
Icky
Colorful disease

Purple
Lymph nodes
Are
Generally the first
Unusual symptoms that
Everything’s gone wrong

Angkor Wat:

A huge temple
Now in Cambodia, one of
Greatest architectural achievements
Khmer rulers built at their capital
On flag of Cambodia since 1863
Redone to be a Buddhist temple in 13 century

Was built of sandstone
And it is somewhere I want to go
To before I die

Voilá!

Napoleon Bonaparte

Nine was the age were he was sent to military school.
Age of 16 was when he became a lieutenant in the artillery
Position was important to him and played a big role in his career
One goal in mind was all napoleon needed
Loosing control was something Napoleon tries not to do
Expeditions were something Napoleon did well
October 1795 was a good day for Napoleon, he became a hero
Napoleon Bonaparte became emperor

Banking system, was one of the best things he did for France
Order was very important for him
Napoleonic code, was a comprehensive system of laws
A Plebiscite was held to determine weather or not France would have a new constitution
Pope Puis VII and Napoleon signed the concordat
Army was something that Napoleon had a passion for
Remaining lawmakers voted to dissolve the directory
The concordat is an agreement between the church and the state
Ending government corruption and inefficiency was one of Napoleon’s top priorities

Mulatos

Mestizos, were above them and were half Indian
Under them was no one, for they were the lowest
Latin American countries had creoles who lead the revolution
Another challenge was not being able to hold high government positions
The mulattos were half European half African
Other people were treated better and didn’t face these difficulties
So the mullatos were never treated fairly

Lycees

Learning was very important to Napoleon
You didn’t do well in life if you did not get educated
Conduct and behavior was very important
Everyone could receive an education
Even the lower class
Schools were a big part in the French revolution

National Convention called for his help and he saved the day
Attacked Austria and the Kingdom of Sardinia and won amazing victories
Plebiscite was held in 1800 and essentially gave him dictatorship of France
Opened up lycées and set up an efficient tax collection method as well as the Napoleonic Code
Lost the American territories, but made money from the sail and humiliated Britain in the process
Expertly directed his armies and defeated his enemies at the Battle of Austerlitz
Occupied the biggest land empire since Rome
Negated the fall of his vast empire from 1807 to 1812

Battle of Trafalgar secured Britain’s naval supremacy and stopped the French from invading
Opened a blockade of Britain that angered many countries including his allies
Napoleon replaced the Spanish king, which angered the Spanish causing protests
Attacked by guerrillas (who were later aided by the British) in the Peninsular war in Spain
Partook an invasion of Russia in which the French army was mangled
Attacked his enemies at Leipzig and suffered a grand defeat
Re-located by his enemies to Elba where he was exiled
Took one last effort to regain power but was defeated at Waterloo and exiled to St. Helen

Made his 95 theses and posted them on the door of the local church.
Argued against the selling of indulgences
Rooted for a church where people would win salvation by faith in God
The Reformation was begun by his actions
Instilled the idea that all people with faith were equal (priests do not need to interpret the bible)
Negated teachings of bible “interpretation,” he thought teachings should be based on the words

Led people through his ideas to defy the church and branch off from the Catholic Church
Under the Edict of Worms, he was declared and outlaw and a heretic
The people who follow his teachings are called Lutherans
He was given food and shelter (illegally) by Prince Frederic the Wise of Saxony
Eagerly and hastily condemned the German peasant revolts to avoid being looked at as trouble
Remembered as the first man to have success trying to reform the practice of Christianity

Got together the Mongol people
Eager to conquer more land
Never learned how to keep his vast empire together
Grew into the most feared ruler of his time
He created an empire that span from China to Poland in less than 50 years
In his empire there were different regions called khanates that divided the land into sectors
Secured the largest land empire in history

Kind of a dictator, he was an absolute ruler and governed on a policy of fear
Had a period of rule called Pax Mongolica, when the Mongols guaranteed safe passage around their empire
Assumed the title of Genghis Khan, which means “universal ruler” his birth name was Temujin
Nomadic people, the Mongols traveled around a lot and their leader accompanied them instead of ruling from a fixed location/city

November 1799, Napoleon became the dictator
A concordat was signed with Pope Puis VII
People urged him to take power
On December 2, 1804, walked down isle as emperor
Lycées were created
Expedition to Egypt
Oppositions were crushed in many battles
Naval defeat at battle of Trafalgar

Blockade was set up to close all ports
Other countries had Nationalistic views
New system called continental system
Alexander I refused to stop selling grain to Britain
Peninsular War- 30,000 men were lost
Army was demolished on the long journey
Russians greatly weakened Napoleon's Army
Teams of spanish peasants fought the french
Elba- where Napoleon was banished to
---------------
Called his Island San Salvador "Holy Savior"
Originally Geneose sea captain
Landed on Island in Bahamas
Ultimately was on a hunt for gold
Met the native Indians that lived on the Island
Built empires on voyages
Unmapped territories
Sailed from Spain to America
---------------
Stratford-upon-Avon was Shakespeare's Birthplace
Hamlet
A Mid Summer's night Dream
King Lear
Elizabethan Age
Sonnets
Preformed in Globe theater
Epitomizes renaissance writing
Antony and Cleopatra
Renaissance writer
Expresses renaissance view of human nature

November 1799, Napoleon became the dictator
A concordat was signed with Pope Puis VII
People urged him to take power
On December 2, 1804, walked down isle as emperor
Lycées were created
Expedition to Egypt
Oppositions were crushed in many battles
Naval defeat at battle of Trafalgar

Blockade was set up to close all ports
Other countries had Nationalistic views
New system called continental system
Alexander I refused to stop selling grain to Britain
Peninsular War- 30,000 men were lost
Army was demolished on the long journey
Russians greatly weakened Napoleon's Army
Teams of spanish peasants fought the french
Elba- where Napoleon was banished to
---------------
Called his Island San Salvador "Holy Savior"
Originally Geneose sea captain
Landed on Island in Bahamas
Ultimately was on a hunt for gold
Met the native Indians that lived on the Island
Built empires on voyages
Unmapped territories
Sailed from Spain to America
---------------
Stratford-upon-Avon was Shakespeare's Birthplace
Hamlet
A Mid Summer's night Dream
King Lear
Elizabethan Age
Sonnets
Preformed in Globe theater
Epitomizes renaissance writing
Antony and Cleopatra
Renaissance writer
Expresses renaissance view of human nature

N
Artilleryman at 16
Plebiscite elected him in 1800
Only lost a few major battles
Lucky, because of his victory in 1795
Eventually went back on democracy
Overly confident and arrogant, placed crown on own head in 1804
Napoleonic code was one of his greatest contributions

Blocked the British, but it ended up being more of a hindrance
Overconfidence was his downfall
Navy Decimated at Trafalgar
Army of Prussia arrived and defeated him at Waterloo
Peninsular war killed 300,000 of Napoleon’s troops
Alexis de Tocqueville said: “He was as great as a man can be without virtue”
Really got owned at Leipzig
The Coalition ended up defeating him in April 1814
Exiled in St. Helena

Religious man, or at least followed the church to keep his high position
Iguanodon was first dinosaur he took credit for discovering
Coined the term “Dinosauria”
He did a lot in the founding of the British Museum of Natural history
Artistic, created many diagrams of skeletal structure
Really hated Charles Darwin
Dissected many mammals

Overly Dogmatic
Waterhouse Hawkins made huge sculptures of dinosaurs with him
Eccentric
Nearly won award for “Largest forehead 1838”

Disregarded public conduct rules to Leahy
I don’t like him
Creepy
Kennedy count Sherriff’s office cleared Cheney of criminal wrongdoing once

Crazy amount of heart attacks
Haliburton CEO 1995-2000
Every time he appears in The Onion, he is portrayed as some sort of psychopath
Nearly killed his friend
Enhanced Interrogation techniques; he is a strong supporter of.
Yousef Ahmadi tried to assassinate him

Whoops, mentally shoop in:

"Nine when first admitted to military school"

National leader
Artillery master
Plebiscite elected him ruler
Overcame most of Europe
Led his armies to victory
Emperor of France
Overran most of Europe
Napoleonic code created order

Blockade was a failure
October he decided he had lost Russia
Navy of Britain overpowered him
Attacked by all the major powers of Europe
Peninsular war was a failure
Alexander betrayed him
Russia destroyed all but 1 in 40 men
Takeover of Paris pushed him into exile
Exiled to St. Helena where he died

America was created separate from England
Merged great ideas into a new country
Escaped the control of England
Rights were guaranteed for all men
Increased freedom in America
Came together to secede
America used help from France
New ideas started the revolution

Realized the potential of freedom
England lost valuable land
Voltaire’s ideas were used
Overcame English with only 1/3 of the population
Locke inspired much of it
Undermined the power of England
Took from 1775–1783
Imposed innovative governing systems
One type of man was not free, slaves
New economic freedom led to success

Equality
New ideas of philosophers
Liberty was valued highly
Increased freedom
Grew the power of speech and thought
Historic ideas were no longer accepted
Theology was a less accepted science
Explored history and challenged ideas
New age of free thought
Method of science changed
Engineered a change around the world
Nobles were affected
Treatment of people was bettered

Mason McElvain

November 1799 drove out national legislature’s members
Assumed power as director
Peace agreement with France signed with Britain, Austria, and Russia
Opened public schools for all males
Lands under his rule were, Spain, the Grand Dutch of Warsaw and some German kingdoms
Emperor in 1804, self-declared
Offered all of the Louisiana Territory to the U.S
Napoleonic code, new system of laws restricting freedom of speech and the press

Blockade set closing the British trading
Outrages Spanish fighters ambushed French fighters
Not tight enough blockade on Britain
Allies turned on him, including his own family
Paris was at risk of attack by allied armies
April 1814 he surrendered and gave up the throne
Relocated him to Elba
Took back the throne after he escaped from Elba
Ended his time of power call the Hundred Years with a defeat and was relocated to St. Helena

Married to Louis XVI
Always needed to be entertained
Risked a lot of money gambling
Interested in court affairs
Enthusiastic in spending money

Allowed women to wear loose fitting clothing like she did
Never wore the tight-fitting clothing making silk industry angry
Told Louis bad advice
One daughter, first of four kids
Intensions not best for France
Nickname was “Madame Deficit”
Executed after being charged with treason
Thought to have passes military secrets to the enemy
Time went by and she got more and more power as a queen
Ended life at age of 37

Claimed the throne in 1625
He signed the Petition of Right
At war with Spain and France, resulting in debts
Regulated fees and high taxes to get money
Law was higher than the king idea was brought up
English Civil War, the war he had to fight because of him
Son of James I

I first king Charles to get his head cut off

Sam Sauer

N: National Convention defended by Napoleon
A: Austria and Kingdom of Sardinia Defeated
P: Power of dictator conferred to Napoleon
O: Order restored in France
L: Louisiana Territory sold to finance operations in Europe
E: Emperor Napoleon is crowned
O: Opposition of Britain, Sweden, Russia, Austria allied against him
N: Napoleon defeats them to conquer Europe

B: Blockade of the British attempted
O: Outdone by better British Blockade
N: Napoleon places brother on Spanish Throne
A: Attacked by guerrillas in Peninsular War
P: Path into Russia Treacherous
A: Attackers find nothing to attack
R: Russia spits out less than one out of forty of the invaders
T: The countries of Britain, Russia, Prussia, Sweden, and Austria attack France
E: Exiled to Elba

H: Homeless traveling rhapsode
O: Only Orpheus more talented
M: Made himself a name, despite being blind
E: Epics of the Iliad and the Odyssey written
R: Revered by ancient Greeks and Scholars alike.

G: Grew without a tribe
E: Exiled by his mother
N: Natural Leader
G: Gathered people to create his own tribe.
H: Hammered out extensive territory
I: Immense Empire under his control
S: Savage Mongol race under his thumb

K: Kick-started conquest of the world.
H: Hacked out more territory than any other empire- ever
A: All nations he attacked fell
N: Negligent sons fractured empire

South American revolutionary general
Independence declared by him and Venezuela from Spain
Marched his troops through the Andes to Colombia to win the war
Oppressed mulattos, slaves and Indians helped convince Bolivar to be their general
Needed good education so he traveled to Europe at a young age to get it

Brilliant creole general from Venezuela
Opposed Spanish rule in South America
Lived from 1783-1830
Impressive military victories earned him the name “George Washington” of South America
Venezuelans backed him in his revolutionary movements
Along with San Martin they were the best generals in South America at the time
Revolutionary leader who was the reason that South America is no longer a part of Spain

Just trials for all citizens
Overpowered government officials made governments unsuccessful
Helped give the colonists ideas for a just government
Natural rights of all citizens are life, liberty and property

Lessen the power of high government offices
Overthrow the government if natural rights are not consistent
Constitution (U.S.) based of the ideas of Locke
Key ideas used in democracies across the world
Elected officials should have less power than absolute monarchs

Nine years old when he was sent off to military school.
Artillery lieutenant at age 16
Protected delegates from thousands of royalists
Official leader of the new free republic of France
Lyceés opened so that all males could be at least offered an education
Established the concordat with the Church
Ordered the Napoleonic code be the new system of laws of France
Napoleon expanded France into Dutch territory

Battle of Trafalgar was the largest naval loss Napoleon ever suffered
Orders the Continental system in France
Navy creates a blockade of England
Attacks Spanish army while being raided by guerillas
Peninsular War costs the lives of 300,000 French soldiers
Alexander I traded with England, causing Napoleon to invade Russia
Russian troops use scorched-earth policy to eliminate French troops
Ten-thousand soldiers returned from invasion of Russia
England wins the battle of Waterloo in Napoleon’s last battle

J-Justice
O- Obligation to overthrow.
H- Human rights
N- Natural Rights

L- Life
O- optimistic
C- courageous
K- Knows Social Contract
E- Enlightenment thinking

V- Voltaire was a enlightenment thinker
O- Often used satire against opponents
L- Largely famous quote “I do not agree with a word you say but I will defend to the death your right to say. It
T- Twice sent to prison
A- Argued for freedom of speech
I- Intolerance
R- real name Francois-Marie Arouet
E – Exiled to England

Newcomer
Ambitious
Popular
Ospicious
Lousiana territory SOLD!
Ever lasting
Always watchful
Never lost a battle

Boorish
Overconfident
Nonchalant
Ambivalent
Prideful
Anti-church
Radical
Tactically unsound
Exiled

Total conservative
Held king in highest regard
Obviously influenced modern politics
Many new political ideas
Always political power must be considered a representitive
Super liberal early on

Had wrote a book called Leviathan
Orderly
Boxed in
Believed in absolutism
Ever supporting the Sovereign
Sound arguments for absolutism

Crappy king
Held throne for the power and money
Anti-democracy
Really miliataristic
Little care for people
Every
Supported social contract theory

1st king to be executed

--Drew Maione

Newcomer
Ambitious
Popular
Ospicious
Lousiana territory SOLD!
Ever lasting
Always watchful
Never lost a battle

Boorish
Overconfident
Nonchalant
Ambivalent
Prideful
Anti-church
Radical
Tactically unsound
Exiled

Total conservative
Held king in highest regard
Obviously influenced modern politics
Many new political ideas
Always political power must be considered a representitive
Super liberal early on

Had wrote a book called Leviathan
Orderly
Boxed in
Believed in absolutism
Ever supporting the Sovereign
Sound arguments for absolutism

Crappy king
Held throne for the power and money
Anti-democracy
Really miliataristic
Little care for people
Every
Supported social contract theory

1st king to be executed

--Drew Maione

Now Robespierre is gone
After that France needed a new leader
Politics aside, Napoleon was good at war
Opens the way by winning battles
Learns a bit about leading
Elected to grand consul, AKA supreme dictator
Offers to conquer the rest of Europe
Not 100% successful, but a good start

Broken barometers cause trouble
Optimal time to conquer Russia is *not* midwinter.
Napoleon lost. badly.
Exile in Alba is not fun.
Pity that he escaped after that, ‘cause
After killing lots of soldiers and loosing
Returning to exile is not fun. Although on a different island this time.
Trapped there until death.

Mythology

Most people needed to explain the world
Yet they didn’t have science stuff yet
This meant that they needed to turn to other means
How could anyone not love supernatural beings
Offer to explain everything with one stone.
Lots of different areas have different gods
Often feel quite strongly about their pantheon,
Gods abound, sometimes lots, sometimes just one.
Yay crusades!

Versailles
Very big palace
Engineered and constructed by Louis XIV
Really expensive too
Site of a lot of treaties and important events
After he died, it was kept up
Imitated for the St. Petersburg designs
Lost some of the furnishing during the french revolution
Looting angry mobs can do that to a place.
Exceptional gardens
So now it’s a tourism destination.

Benjamin Neumann-Chun

Never forgot his boyhood ambition to become emperor of France
Ambitious
People’s hero
Over-ruled the National Assembly and declared himself emperor
Loved power
England’s enemy
Artillery expert
Naval expert

Battle of Waterloo his last grasp at victory
Ottomans were his enemies for awhile
Napoleonic Code: the set of laws which would influence all of Europe
Attacked the British navy and lost
Paralyzed: the French economy during the British Blockade
Alliance with the Middle East
Russian campaign a total failure
Trafalgar a defeat
Erfurt Congress attempts to keep peace between France and Russia

Gandhi

Gained independence for India
Advanced Indian education by encouraging cooperation with the British
Never used violence
Died at the hands of an assassin
Held all religions equal
Ignored British attempts to stop him

Karl Marx

Kings he disliked
Aggravated politicians and governments
Researched his ideas by reading histories from many perspectives
Loved learning and the arts

Made an eternal mark on political philosophy
Always lived in poverty
Revolutions he supported
Xenophobia he discouraged so people could live in one group all together

Karl Marx
I understand that today there are many economic issues facing many of the countries around the world. I can see that now more than ever steps have been taken to create rule of law and good relations between many of the nations of today. A solution could be reached easily, using the same spirit and attitude as previous joint ventures such as the Geneva Convention. This spirit of world unity could be established to ensure the economical well-being of all nations, large and small, eventually creating one world community. All economic problems could be solved with a great pooling of all resources. The petty problems of a single nation could be easily overcome with the might of the world behind it. I realize that such a project is extremely revolutionary and difficult to realize, but, I think, if enough great minds set themselves to the task, I know it can be achieved. (Mason)

Napoleon Bonaparte:

Napoleon Bonaparte

Artillery Lientenant

Plebiscite was held that approved a new constitution

Order

Lycees school for only boys

Effective leader

Opened ties between the church and state

Naval defeat on the Spainsh coast.

Bonaparte

Blockade failed

Oppression in Spain

Nationalism

Attacked by Guerrillas

Peninsular war

Admired by Beethoven

Returned from Elba

Took back france.

Exiled to St. Helena

Louis XIV

Louis is his name
Once said "I am The State"
Unesscary amount of debt
Inexcusable Behavior
Sun King

eXtreme power
Interested in arts
Versailles

Napoleonic
After the Reign of Terror
Parents sent him to a military school
Openly led the French army against Austria and the Kingdom of Dardinia
Led an expedition to Egypt
Eventually Britain, Austria, and Russia joined forces to drive Napoleon out
Ordered laws to strengthen central government
Napoleonic code

Battle of Trafalgar ended with his defeat
Ottoman Empire was free of Napoleon’s control
New blockade system to stop trade between Britain and European nations did not work
Also called the Continental System
Policy was defied by family and allies
Armies in Spain got attacked by guerillas
Russia used scorched-earth policy
The weather in Russia added to the weakening of Napoleon’s army
Ended reign after the Hundred Days

Jean-Paul Marat was one of the most prominent members
Also edited the newspaper L’Ami du Peuple
Customarily involved in governmental changes
Opposed all who continued to support the king
Believed they should be sentenced to death
Intense lawyer Georges Danton was in the club
Normally met in the Rue St. Jacques, Paris
Spoke of their devotion to the rights of Paris’ poor people

Created a strong military
Appointed himself governor of Gaul
Established new reforms
Started colonies where people without land could own property
Assassination plotted by Marcus Brutus and Gaius Cassius
Roman citizenship was granted by Caesar to many people in the provinces

Napoleonic
After the Reign of Terror
Parents sent him to a military school
Openly led the French army against Austria and the Kingdom of Dardinia
Led an expedition to Egypt
Eventually Britain, Austria, and Russia joined forces to drive Napoleon out
Ordered laws to strengthen central government
Napoleonic code

Battle of Trafalgar ended with his defeat
Ottoman Empire was free of Napoleon’s control
New blockade system to stop trade between Britain and European nations did not work
Also called the Continental System
Policy was defied by family and allies
Armies in Spain got attacked by guerillas
Russia used scorched-earth policy
The weather in Russia added to the weakening of Napoleon’s army
Ended reign after the Hundred Days

Jean-Paul Marat was one of the most prominent members
Also edited the newspaper L’Ami du Peuple
Customarily involved in governmental changes
Opposed all who continued to support the king
Believed they should be sentenced to death
Intense lawyer Georges Danton was in the club
Normally met in the Rue St. Jacques, Paris
Spoke of their devotion to the rights of Paris’ poor people

Created a strong military
Appointed himself governor of Gaul
Established new reforms
Started colonies where people without land could own property
Assassination plotted by Marcus Brutus and Gaius Cassius
Roman citizenship was granted by Caesar to many people in the provinces

Napoleonic Code
A plebiscite granted him power
Pope -- he signed a concordat with him.
Oppressive
Little
European dominator
O
Needed power

Battle of Trafalgar -- loser!
O
Nepotism!! appointed his brother as king of Spain.
Armies of Spain weakened France in the Peninsular War
Prussia,
Austria,
Russia, and Sweden declared war on Napoleon
Three big mistakes! (Continental System, Peninsular War,Invasion ofRussia)
England opposed the Continental System

Large home: Versailles
Ordered nobles to work as his servants
U
I
S

X
I
V

NAPOLEON BONAPARTE
Nine years old sent to military school
A successful military leader
Protected delegates from royalists
Order was restored to France
Loved winning battles
Elected emperor
Order and authority
Napoleonic Code

Blockade
Only major battle lost: Battle of Trafalgar
Never gave up
Alexander I traded with England so Napoleon invaded Russia
Peninsular War
Attacked by the guerrillas
Returned from Elba
Ten thousand only returned
Exiled

LOUIS XIV
Loved helping France's economic, political, and cultural brilliance
Only wanted to weaken the power of nobles
Usually spent a ton of money on unnecessary things
"I am the state" is what he said
Self sufficient was his goal for France

eXtremely devoted to France
Increased power of intendants
Versailles

LYCEES
Learning thanks to Napoleon
You would be appointed to public office by merit not family
Concentration helped you succeed
Everyone could get an education
Ending these government run public schools would be a bad idea
Schools called Lycees helped France succeed

Napoleon Bonaparte

N: Newly born in Corsica
A: Artillery lieutenant
P: Proven leader
O: Offered National Convention delegates protection against royalists
L: Led a Coup d’État and overthrew the Directory
E: Established European peace agreements
O: Orderly Government
N: Never gave up!!!

B: Blockade failure
O: Outrageous debt levels
N: New feelings of Nationalism in conquered lands
A: Army weakened by Russian/Spanish defeats
P: Peninsular War
A: Allied forces declared war on him
R: Russian conquest failure
T: Trafalgar losses
E: Exiled, escaped, and then exiled again

Muhammad

M: Most influential person in the history of the world
U: Umma, the Muslim religious community, was created by him
H: Had a vision in a cave
A: After death, he didn’t want to be worshipped as a god
M: Mecca was his birth-place
M: Medina was the city he fled to
A: Allah became his one true god
D: Destroyed all religious icons in the Ka’aba

John Locke

J: Justified rebellion against an unjust rulers
O: Optimistic view on human nature
H: Helped inspire revolutions in Europe and the Americas
N: Natural belief in the ability of people to govern their own affairs

L: “Life, Liberty, and Property” are a person’s three natural rights
O: Order in society with out absolute monarchy
C: Consent of the people required for a successful government
K: Key philosopher in the French Revolution
E: English enlightenment philosopher

Not very tall
Artillery commander in the revolution
Proclaimed Emperor of France in 1804
Organizes the Napoleonic Code
Leads a coup d'etat
Expands the french territory greatly
Opens lycées throughout France
New world territories sold to Thomas Jefferson

Battle of Trafalgar results in the destruction of the French Navy
Overly confident in himself
Nearly driven out of Spain during the Peninsular War
Attempts to close trade to England
Prussian and Russian troops invade Paris
Attacked and defeated at Waterloo
Russian invasion fails horribly
Tries to regain throne after first exiling
Exiled to St. Helena

Justice for all, regardless of social status
Opinions inspired the American Revolution
Hated absolute monarchy
Nowadays, political thinking is highly influenced by his ideas

Life, liberty, and property
Opinionated on matters such as individual freedom
Contested Thomas Hobbes' opinions
Kings overthrown because of his radical ideas
Enlightenment largely influenced by his writings

Very influential Enlightenment writer
Openly protested injustices done to the people
Leading figure in the French Revolution and the enlightenment
Targeted the clergy, aristocracy, and government in his writings
A pen pal of Catherine the Great's
I do not agree with a word you say but will defend to the death your right to say it.
Real name was François Marie Arouet
Exiled and imprisoned for his criticism of the government

Napoleon:
Never Backed Down
Always Wanted to Expand Fance
Plebiscite
On December 2, 1804, Crowned Himself Emperor
Lycées
Efficient Tax Collection Method
Ottoman Empire Was One of The Only Areas Free From His Control
Napoleonic Code

Bonaparte:
Bad Strategy
On June 20, 1815, Napoleon Was Defeated at Waterloo
Napoleon Tried to Make France Self - Sufficent
Attacked By Spanish Armies On His Voyage to Portugal
Peninsular War
Austria and Others Declared War Against Him
Returned to Regain France After Being Exiled
The Guerillas Attack His Army
Exiled to Elba

Muhammad:
Meccan Origin
Umma: Muslim Community
Hijrah
An Orphan
Married Khadijah
Muslim
Angel Gabriel Talked to Him
Declared As a Political Leader in Medina

Gandhi:
Gandhi's Weapon was Civil Disobedience
An Eye For An Eye Makes the Whole World Blind
Nonviolence
Devoted Vegetarian
Had a Hand in Boycotting Britain Products
India Indepence

NAPOLEON BONAPARTE:

Nine years old, he was sent to military school
Agreement signed with Pope Pius VII
Planned on destroying Great Britain's commercial and industrial economy
On December 2, 1804, crowned himself emperor
Lycees
End corruption and inefficiency in government
Offered to sell his Louisiana Territory to the United States
Never gave up on anything

Born in Corisca in 1769
One of the world's greatest military geniuses
Napoleonic Code
A blockade was set up
Proclamation of pride is issued to his troops
Attacked by guerillas
Recommended for a career in the army
Tax collection method
Established a national banking system
________________________________________________________________________

LOUIS XIV:

Longest ruling monarchy in European history
Only a 4 year-old boy when he became king
Ultrecht Treaty
In 1643, he became king after his father's death
Spent much of France's money

eXcluded nobles from his councils
I am the state
Versailles
________________________________________________________________________

GREAT FEAR:

Great demands were made by the peasants for more bread
Rebellion
Endless panic
A huge uprising
The peasants broke into nobles' manors and destroyed papers that bound them to pay feudal dues

France
Economic and political reasons were the cause of this riot
Armed with different types of weapons, women marched on Versailles
Riots

Napoleon Bonaparte
Never really was tall
ambitious
protected delegates when royalist rebels attacked
overly celebrated as a hero
instated to lead french army, had victories
egypt was a failure
only no one found out, so he was still a hero
national legislature driven out, Napoleon led

But first pretends to be chosen out of republic
over time a plebiscite approved new constitution
new constitution gave all power to Napoleon
a first task of his was to stabilize the economy
peasants got their wish when Napoleon signed a concordat
a failure for Napoleon was with the Americas, so he cut his losses
really the only battle he really lost was the battle of Trafalgar
the blockade he made didn't work
eventually he was exiled, twice
He started off Catholic
even called "defender of the faith"
nervous that civil war possible because no heir
requested marriage to be annuled
yet the pope said no so he took charge
Very interested in gaining an heir
Influential
Interestingly only ended up with one weak son
Incest? internally corrupt interested in new women
In reality had many gods but main sun god Inti
no written language used knots on strings
counted and advanced math systems
a system of runners moved info
sadly killed by Pizarro